Appearance
Unit 64 — to ..., for ... and so that ...
A. to do：表示目的
我们可以说：
I called the restaurant to reserve a table.
我给餐厅打电话，为了预订一张桌子。
What do you need to make bread?
你做面包需要什么？
We shouted to warn everybody of the danger.
我们大声喊叫，为了警告大家有危险。
This letter is to confirm the decisions we made at our meeting last week.
这封信是为了确认我们上周会议所作出的决定。
The president has a team of bodyguards to protect him.
总统有一队保镖保护他。
1. to do 的核心含义：目的
在这些例子中：
to reserve
to make
to warn
to confirm
to protect
都表示某件事情的 purpose（目的）。
也就是解释：
Why? 为什么？
某人为什么做某事、拥有某物、需要某物，或者某物为什么存在。
核心结构：
动作 / 事物 + to do
表示：
为了做…… / 用来做……
例如：
I went to the supermarket to buy some milk.
我去超市是为了买牛奶。
B. something to do
我们可以说：
a place to park
停车的地方
something to eat
吃的东西
work to do
要做的工作
2. 名词 + to do
例如：
It’s hard to find a place to park in the city centre.
在市中心很难找到停车的地方。
这里：
a place to park
≈
a place where you can park
Would you like something to eat?
你想吃点东西吗？
这里：
something to eat
≈
something that you can eat
Do you have much work to do?
你有很多工作要做吗？
这里：
work to do
≈
work that you must do
3. 核心结构
noun + to do
可以理解为：
某个**用来做…… / 可以做…… / 需要做……**的东西
例如：
| Structure | Meaning |
|---|---|
| a place to park | 停车的地方 |
| something to eat | 吃的东西 |
| something to drink | 喝的东西 |
| work to do | 要做的工作 |
| a book to read | 可以读的书 |
4. 介词可能放在句尾
有时候动词本身需要介词：
sit on
talk to
open ... with
这时介词通常保留在后面。
Is there a chair to sit on?
有可以坐的椅子吗？
注意：
sit on a chair
所以：
a chair to sit on
I get lonely if there’s nobody to talk to.
如果没有人可以聊天，我会感到孤独。
因为：
talk to somebody
所以：
nobody to talk to
I need something to open this bottle with.
我需要一个能用来打开这个瓶子的东西。
因为：
open something with something
所以：
something to open this bottle with
5. 不要因为用了 to do 就把介词删除
例如：
a chair to sit on
不是：
❌ a chair to sit
somebody to talk to
不是：
❌ somebody to talk
something to write with
不是：
❌ something to write
6. money / time / chance / opportunity / energy / courage + to do
我们还可以说：
money to do something
time to do something
chance to do something
opportunity to do something
energy to do something
courage to do something
They gave us money to buy food.
他们给了我们钱买食物。
Do you have much opportunity to practise your English?
你有很多机会练习英语吗？
I need a few days to think about your proposal.
我需要几天时间考虑你的建议。
7. 常见结构
| 名词 | 结构 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| money | money to buy | 买……的钱 |
| time | time to do | 做……的时间 |
| chance | chance to do | 做……的机会 |
| opportunity | opportunity to do | 做……的机会 |
| energy | energy to do | 做……的精力 |
| courage | courage to do | 做……的勇气 |
C. for ... 和 to ...
比较：
for + noun
和：
to + verb
8. for + noun
例如：
We stopped for petrol.
我们停下来加油。
这里：
petrol
是名词。
结构：
for + noun
I had to run for the bus.
我不得不跑着去赶公交车。
这里：
the bus
是名词。
9. to + verb
例如：
We stopped to get petrol.
我们停下来为了加油。
这里：
get
是动词。
结构：
to + verb
I had to run to catch the bus.
我不得不跑着去赶公交车。
10. for + noun vs to + verb
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| for + noun | We stopped for petrol. |
| to + verb | We stopped to get petrol. |
| for + noun | I ran for the bus. |
| to + verb | I ran to catch the bus. |
核心区别：
for → 后面通常接名词
to → 后面接动词原形
11. for somebody to do something
还可以使用：
for somebody to do something
例如：
There weren’t any chairs for us to sit on, so we sat on the floor.
没有椅子让我们坐，所以我们坐在了地板上。
结构：
for + somebody + to do
表示：
让 / 给某人做某事
例如：
This book is for you to read.
这本书是给你读的。
12. for doing：表示某物的用途
我们使用：
for (do)ing
来说明：
某个东西是用来干什么的
例如：
This brush is for washing the dishes.
这把刷子是用来洗碗的。
结构：
something + be + for + -ing
13. for -ing 和 to do 的重要区别
说明「东西的用途」
使用：
for + -ing
例如：
This machine is for cutting bread.
这台机器是用来切面包的。
说明「某人做某事的目的」
使用：
to + verb
例如：
I use this machine to cut bread.
我使用这台机器来切面包。
14. 不用 for -ing 表示“某人为什么做某事”
图片中的例子：
I went into the kitchen to wash the dishes.
我走进厨房去洗碗。
不是：
❌ I went into the kitchen for washing the dishes.
因为这里表达的是：
我为什么走进厨房？
答案：
为了洗碗。
所以：
to wash
15. 一个非常重要的对比
东西有什么用途？
This brush is for washing the dishes.
这把刷子是用来洗碗的。
人为什么做这个动作？
I picked up the brush to wash the dishes.
我拿起刷子是为了洗碗。
所以可以记成：
用途 → for -ing
人的目的 → to do
16. What ... for?
我们可以使用：
What ... for?
询问：
purpose（目的 / 用途）
What is this switch for?
这个开关是干什么用的？
≈
What is it used for?
它是用来做什么的？
What did you do that for?
你为什么那么做？
≈
Why did you do that?
你为什么那么做？
17. What ... for? 思维
看到：
What ... for?
不要简单逐字翻译成：
什么……为了？
而应该整体理解：
干什么用？
或者：
为什么？
D. so that
我们使用：
so that
来表示：
为了…… / 以便……
18. so that + can
She’s learning English so that she can study in Canada.
她正在学习英语，以便她可以去加拿大学习。
结构：
so that + subject + can + verb
19. so that + could
We moved to London so that we could see our friends more often.
我们搬到伦敦，这样就可以更经常见到朋友。
这里是过去的情况，所以使用：
could
20. so that + would
I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late.
我赶紧走，为了不迟到。
也就是：
because I didn’t want to be late
因为我不想迟到。
21. so that 常和这些词一起使用
教材特别强调：
so that
尤其经常和：
can / could
以及：
will / would
一起使用。
常见结构：
so that + subject + can + verb
so that + subject + could + verb
so that + subject + will + verb
so that + subject + would + verb
22. so that 和 to do 的区别
两者都可以表达：
目的
例如：
I got up early to catch the train.
我早起是为了赶火车。
也可以：
I got up early so that I could catch the train.
我早起，以便能够赶上火车。
23. 最大结构区别
to do
to + verb
没有单独写出新的主语：
I went out to buy some food.
这里：
I went
和：
buy
动作执行者都是：
I
so that
结构中有：
so that + subject + verb
例如：
I spoke slowly so that everybody could understand me.
我说得很慢，以便大家能够听懂我。
这里有两个主语：
I spoke slowly
和：
everybody could understand
所以当后半部分需要明确另一个主语时：
so that
非常重要。
24. that 可以省略
图片中特别说明：
You can leave out that.
所以：
I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late.
也可以说：
I hurried so I wouldn’t be late.
两者都正确。
25. to do 的目的思维模型
ACTION
↓
WHY?
↓
PURPOSE
↓
to + verb
例如：
I called the restaurant.
为什么？
to reserve a table
所以：
I called the restaurant to reserve a table.
26. for + noun 的思维模型
如果目的后面直接是：
名词
使用：
for + noun
例如：
stop
↓
WHY?
↓
petrol
↓
for petrol
We stopped for petrol.
27. to + verb 的思维模型
如果目的需要表达：
做一个动作
使用：
to + verb
例如：
stop
↓
WHY?
↓
get petrol
↓
to get petrol
We stopped to get petrol.
28. for -ing 的思维模型
如果你描述的是：
某个东西的用途
可以使用：
THING
↓
USED FOR WHAT?
↓
for + -ing
例如：
This brush is for washing dishes.
29. so that 的思维模型
如果你需要完整表达：
谁能够 / 将会 / 可以做什么
使用：
ACTION
↓
PURPOSE
↓
so that
↓
SUBJECT + can/could/will/would + VERB
例如：
I spoke slowly so that you could understand me.
30. 四个核心结构对比
| 结构 | 作用 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| to + verb | 某人做某事的目的 | I went out to buy food. |
| for + noun | 为了某个东西 | We stopped for petrol. |
| for + -ing | 某物的用途 | This brush is for washing dishes. |
| so that + 句子 | 为了让某人能够…… | I spoke slowly so that you could understand. |
31. 图片中的完整重点例句
A
I called the restaurant to reserve a table.
What do you need to make bread?
We shouted to warn everybody of the danger.
This letter is to confirm the decisions we made at our meeting last week.
The president has a team of bodyguards to protect him.
B
It’s hard to find a place to park in the city centre.
Would you like something to eat?
Do you have much work to do?
Is there a chair to sit on?
I get lonely if there’s nobody to talk to.
I need something to open this bottle with.
They gave us money to buy food.
Do you have much opportunity to practise your English?
I need a few days to think about your proposal.
C
We stopped for petrol.
We stopped to get petrol.
I had to run for the bus.
I had to run to catch the bus.
There weren’t any chairs for us to sit on, so we sat on the floor.
This brush is for washing the dishes.
I went into the kitchen to wash the dishes.
What is this switch for?
What did you do that for?
D
She’s learning English so that she can study in Canada.
We moved to London so that we could see our friends more often.
I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late.
I hurried so I wouldn’t be late.
32. 最容易犯的错误
错误：
❌ I went to the supermarket for buy milk.
正确：
I went to the supermarket to buy milk.
因为：
buy = verb
错误：
❌ We stopped to petrol.
正确：
We stopped for petrol.
因为：
petrol = noun
错误：
❌ This brush is to washing dishes.
正确：
This brush is for washing dishes.
错误：
❌ I went into the kitchen for washing the dishes.
表示“我去厨房是为了洗碗”：
I went into the kitchen to wash the dishes.
错误：
❌ Is there a chair to sit?
正确：
Is there a chair to sit on?
因为：
sit on a chair
错误：
❌ I need somebody to talk.
如果表示“需要有人聊天”：
I need somebody to talk to.
因为：
talk to somebody
33. to do 与 so that 的选择
如果：
前后动作的执行者相同
通常直接使用：
to do
例如：
I went to the shop to buy milk.
go 和 buy 都是：
I
如果需要明确：
另一个主语
通常使用：
so that + subject + verb
例如：
I wrote it down so that you could remember it.
前面：
I wrote
后面：
you could remember
34. Unit 64 最重要的判断方法
不要看到中文的：
“为了”
就固定翻译成某一个结构。
先判断后面的内容是什么：
为了……
↓
后面是什么？
↓
┌──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
名词 动作 完整句子
↓ ↓ ↓
for to + verb so that + S + V
例如：
为了汽油 for petrol
为了买汽油 to get petrol
为了让我们能够买汽油 so that we could get petrol
35. for doing 的特殊判断
但是：
for + -ing
也存在。
关键是它通常表示：
某个东西的用途
例如：
This knife is for cutting bread.
这把刀是用来切面包的。
所以不要简单记成：
❌ for 后面不能有动词
而应该记：
for + noun
以及：
for + -ing（说明用途）
36. 最终思维模型
遇到“目的 / 用途”的表达时：
PURPOSE
│
├── 某人为什么做这个动作？
│ ↓
│ to + verb
│
├── 为了某个名词？
│ ↓
│ for + noun
│
├── 某个东西是用来干什么的？
│ ↓
│ for + -ing
│
└── 需要表达完整的“谁能够/将会做什么”？
↓
so that
+
subject + can/could/
will/would
37. 一句话记住 Unit 64
I went out to buy some food. to do = 做某事的目的
We stopped for petrol. for + noun = 为了某物
This brush is for washing dishes. for + -ing = 某物的用途
I spoke slowly so that you could understand me. so that + 句子 = 为了让……能够……
本单元最核心的四个结构：
to + verb
for + noun
for + -ing
so (that) + subject + can/could/will/would + verb