Appearance
Unit 139 — Phrasal verbs 3: out
A. out = not burning, not shining
这里的 out 表示:
熄灭、不再燃烧、不再发光
常见搭配:
go out 熄灭
put out a fire / a cigarette / a light 扑灭火 / 熄灭香烟 / 关灯
turn out a light 关灯
blow out a candle 吹灭蜡烛
Examples:
Suddenly all the lights in the building went out.
突然,大楼里所有的灯都灭了。
I put the fire out with a fire extinguisher.
我用灭火器把火扑灭了。
I turned the lights out before leaving.
我离开之前把灯关了。
We don’t need the candle. You can blow it out.
我们不需要这根蜡烛了,你可以把它吹灭。
go out
go out = stop burning / stop shining
表示:
(灯、火等)熄灭
例如:
The lights went out.
灯灭了。
注意这里是事物自己熄灭,通常没有宾语。
put something out
put something out = extinguish something
表示:
扑灭 / 熄灭
例如:
Put out the fire.
把火扑灭。
也可以说:
Put the fire out.
如果宾语是代词:
Put it out.
不能说:
Put out it.
turn something out
这里表示:
关掉灯
例如:
I turned the lights out.
我把灯关了。
blow something out
blow out = 吹灭
例如:
She blew out the candles.
她吹灭了蜡烛。
如果使用代词:
She blew them out.
1. B. work out
work out 是非常常见的短语动词,有多个意思。
2. work out = do physical exercises
表示:
锻炼 / 健身
Example:
Rachel works out at the gym three times a week.
Rachel 每周在健身房锻炼三次。
例如:
I work out every morning.
我每天早上锻炼。
I usually work out at the gym.
我通常在健身房锻炼。
3. work out = develop, progress
表示:
发展 / 进展 / 最终结果是……
Example:
Good luck for the future. I hope everything works out well for you.
祝你未来好运。我希望一切都能顺利。
Dialogue:
A: Why did James leave the company? B: Things didn’t work out.
A:James 为什么离开公司? B:事情发展得不顺利。
这里:
Things didn’t work out.
=
Things didn’t work out well.
意思是:
事情最后没有顺利发展。
常见表达
Everything worked out well.
一切最后都很顺利。
I hope it works out.
我希望事情能够顺利解决。
It didn’t work out.
事情最后没成 / 没有顺利发展。
4. work out = calculation result
用于计算时:
work out = 算出来的结果是……
Example:
The total bill for three people is £97.35. That works out at £32.45 each.
三个人的总账单是 £97.35,算下来每个人是 £32.45。
常见结构:
work out at + 数字
表示:
算下来是……
例如:
It works out at $20 per person.
算下来每个人 20 美元。
5. work something out = calculate
表示:
计算 / 算出
Example:
345 × 76? I need a calculator. I can’t work it out in my head.
345 × 76?我需要计算器,我没办法心算出来。
结构:
work something out
例如:
Can you work out the total cost?
你能算出总费用吗?
如果是代词:
work it out
不能说:
work out it
6. work out / figure out = understand, think about a problem and find an answer
表示:
弄明白 / 找出答案 / 想出解决办法
Examples:
Investigators are trying to work out what caused the accident.
调查人员正在试图弄清楚是什么导致了这起事故。
or:
Investigators are trying to figure out what caused the accident.
调查人员正在试图弄清楚事故原因。
所以这里:
work out
≈
figure out
核心意思都是:
经过思考 → 弄明白
例如:
I can’t figure out how this works.
我搞不明白这个东西是怎么工作的。
We need to work out what to do next.
我们需要想清楚下一步该做什么。
7. C. Other verbs + out
carry out
carry out an order / an experiment / a survey / an investigation / a plan etc.
表示:
执行 / 实施 / 开展
Examples:
Soldiers are expected to carry out orders.
士兵应该执行命令。
An investigation into the accident will be carried out.
将对这起事故展开调查。
常见搭配:
carry out a plan 执行计划
carry out an experiment 进行实验
carry out a survey 开展调查
carry out an investigation 展开调查
carry out an order 执行命令
find out
find out that / what / when / where / why / how ...
表示:
发现 / 查明 / 弄清楚
Examples:
The police never found out who committed the crime.
警方一直没有查明是谁犯了罪。
I just found out that it’s Helen’s birthday today.
我刚刚才知道今天是 Helen 的生日。
find out about
find out about ... = get information about
表示:
了解 / 查找关于……的信息
Example:
I checked a few websites to find out about hotels in the town.
我查看了几个网站,了解这个镇上的酒店情况。
find out 与 know 的区别
know:
已经知道
find out:
原来不知道 → 经过询问、调查、查看等 → 知道了
例如:
I know his name.
我知道他的名字。
I need to find out his name.
我需要弄清楚他的名字。
give / hand things out
give things out / hand things out
= give to each person
表示:
分发 / 发给每个人
Example:
At the end of the lecture, the speaker gave out information sheets to the audience.
讲座结束时,演讲者向听众分发了资料。
例如:
The teacher handed out the worksheets.
老师把练习纸分发给了学生。
point something out
point something out (to somebody)
= draw attention to it
表示:
指出 / 提醒某人注意
Examples:
As we drove through the city, the tour guide pointed out all the sights.
当我们开车穿过城市时,导游把所有景点都指给我们看。
I didn’t realise I’d made a mistake until somebody pointed it out to me.
直到有人向我指出这个错误,我才意识到自己犯错了。
结构:
point something out to somebody
例如:
She pointed the mistake out to me.
她向我指出了这个错误。
如果 something 是代词:
point it out to me
不能说:
point out it to me
run out of something
run out of something
表示:
用完 / 耗尽
Example:
We ran out of petrol on the motorway.
我们在高速公路上把汽油用完了。
也就是:
We used all our petrol.
我们把汽油全部用完了。
常见:
run out of money 钱花完了
run out of time 时间用完了
run out of petrol 汽油用完了
run out of food 食物吃完了
例如:
We’re running out of time.
我们的时间快用完了。
sort something out
sort something out
= find a solution to, put in order
有两个常见意思。
1. 解决问题
There are a few problems we need to sort out.
有几个问题我们需要解决。
这里:
sort out = solve
2. 整理 / 分类
All these papers are mixed up. I’ll have to sort them out.
这些文件全混在一起了,我得把它们整理好。
如果宾语是代词:
sort them out
不能说:
sort out them
8. turn out
turn out 也是非常重要的短语。
turn out to be ...
表示:
结果是…… / 最后发现是……
Example:
Nobody believed Paul at first, but he turned out to be right.
一开始没有人相信 Paul,但最后证明他是对的。
也就是:
It became clear in the end that he was right.
最终事实表明他是对的。
结构:
turn out to be + noun / adjective
例如:
The job turned out to be more difficult than I expected.
结果这份工作比我预想的更困难。
turn out + adjective
例如:
The weather wasn’t so good in the morning, but it turned out nice later.
早上的天气不太好,但是后来天气变好了。
常见:
turn out well 结果很好
turn out badly 结果不好
turn out fine 最后没问题
turn out that ...
表示:
结果发现…… / 后来才知道……
Example:
I thought they knew each other, but it turned out that they’d never met.
我以为他们认识,但后来才发现他们以前从来没有见过。
结构:
It turns/turned out that + sentence
例如:
It turned out that I was wrong.
结果发现是我错了。
9. try out
try out a machine / a system / a new idea etc.
= test it to see if it is OK
表示:
试用 / 测试 / 试验
Example:
The company is trying out some new software at the moment.
公司目前正在试用一些新软件。
例如:
I want to try out this new app.
我想试试这个新 App。
如果宾语是代词:
I want to try it out.
不能说:
try out it
10. Unit 139 核心短语总结
| Phrasal verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| go out | 熄灭 |
| put out | 扑灭 / 熄灭 |
| turn out a light | 关灯 |
| blow out | 吹灭 |
| work out | 锻炼 |
| work out | 发展顺利 / 最终结果 |
| work out | 算下来是 |
| work something out | 计算出 |
| work out / figure out | 弄明白 / 找到答案 |
| carry out | 执行 / 实施 |
| find out | 发现 / 查明 |
| find out about | 了解……的信息 |
| give out / hand out | 分发 |
| point out | 指出 |
| run out of | 用完 / 耗尽 |
| sort out | 解决 / 整理 |
| turn out to be | 结果是 / 最后证明是 |
| turn out that | 结果发现…… |
| try out | 试用 / 测试 |
11. out 的核心思维
这一单元中的 out 不应该只记成:
out = 外面
在 phrasal verbs 中,可以把它进一步理解为:
从内部 → 到外部
或者抽象成:
某件原来隐藏、不清楚、未完成的东西 → 最后出来了
这样很多短语就更容易理解。
① 消失 / 熄灭
go out 火焰、灯光消失 → 熄灭
put out 把火弄灭
blow out 把火吹灭
② 结果“出来”
work out
事情最后发展出了一个结果。
Everything worked out well.
最后一切顺利。
turn out
最后的真实情况出来了。
It turned out that I was wrong.
结果发现我错了。
③ 答案“出来”
work out
想出答案。
figure out
弄清楚答案。
find out
查明事实。
例如:
I’m trying to figure out the problem.
我正在努力弄明白这个问题。
④ 东西被“拿出去”
give out
把东西拿出去给大家 → 分发
hand out
把东西一个个递出去 → 分发
⑤ 某样东西“没有了”
run out of
某种资源不断减少,最后没有了。
We ran out of petrol.
我们的汽油用完了。
⑥ 把问题“处理出去”
sort out
把混乱或问题处理清楚。
We need to sort out this problem.
我们需要解决这个问题。
⑦ 拿出来测试
try out
把某个东西拿出来试试看。
I’m trying out some new software.
我正在试用一些新软件。
12. Unit 139 最终思维模型
看到:
verb + out
不要急着逐字翻译。
先想象 out 的核心画面:
里面 → 外面
然后扩展出几个抽象方向:
光/火消失 → go out / put out / blow out
答案出来 → work out / figure out / find out
结果出来 → turn out / work out
东西分出去 → give out / hand out
资源彻底出去、没有了 → run out of
问题被整理清楚 → sort out
拿出来试一试 → try out
因此,学习 phrasal verbs 时,与其把每一个短语完全孤立地背下来,不如先建立:
动词本身的动作 + out 的方向/结果感
再根据具体语境理解它最终产生的含义。