Appearance
Unit 54 — Verb + to ...
decide to ... / forget to ... etc.
A. Verb + to-infinitive
1. 这些动词后面可以接 to + infinitive
After these verbs you can use:
to + verb
常见动词：
| Verb | Verb | Verb | Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| offer | plan | manage | deserve |
| agree | arrange | fail | afford |
| refuse | hope | promise | learn |
| decide | forget | threaten | tend |
2. decide to do
It was a long way to walk, so we decided to take a taxi home.
路很远，所以我们决定坐出租车回家。
结构：
decide + to + verb
例如：
decide to go
decide to leave
decide to buy
3. agree to do
Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to help him.
Simon 遇到了困难，所以我同意帮助他。
结构：
agree + to + verb
4. fail to do
I waved to Karen, but failed to attract her attention.
我向 Karen 挥手，但没能引起她的注意。
这里：
fail to do
表示：
没能做成某事。
5. tend to do
I like Dan, but I think he tends to talk too much.
我喜欢 Dan，但我觉得他往往话太多。
图片中的例子：
Dan tends to talk too much.
结构：
tend to do
表示：
往往会 / 倾向于做某事。
6. learn to do
How old were you when you learnt to drive?
你多大时学会开车的？
也可以说：
... learnt how to drive?
两种都可以。
7. 否定形式：not to ...
to-infinitive 的否定形式是：
not to + verb
例如：
We decided not to go out because of the weather.
因为天气原因，我们决定不出去。
I promised not to be late.
我答应不会迟到。
结构：
verb + not to + verb
例如：
decide not to go
promise not to be late
agree not to tell anyone
8. 有些动词后面用 -ing，而不是 to ...
需要注意：
并不是所有动词后面都接 to + verb。
有些动词后面要使用：
verb + -ing
例如：
- enjoy
- think of
- suggest
enjoy
I enjoy reading.
不是：
❌ I enjoy to read.
suggest
Andy suggested meeting for coffee.
不是：
❌ Andy suggested to meet.
think of
Are you thinking of buying a car?
不是：
❌ thinking to buy
9. to-infinitive vs -ing
| Verb | Correct structure |
|---|---|
| decide | decide to do |
| agree | agree to do |
| promise | promise to do |
| hope | hope to do |
| enjoy | enjoy doing |
| suggest | suggest doing |
| think of | think of doing |
关于：
verb + -ing
参考：
Units 53 and 62
B. dare
10. dare 后面可以有 to，也可以没有 to
After dare, you can use the infinitive:
with or without to
例如：
I didn’t dare to tell him.
或者：
I didn’t dare tell him.
两种都可以。
11. dare not / daren’t 后面不用 to
但是在：
dare not
或：
daren’t
后面：
不使用 to
例如：
I daren’t tell him what happened.
不是：
❌ I daren’t to tell him.
所以：
| Structure | Correct |
|---|---|
| didn’t dare | didn’t dare to tell |
| didn’t dare | didn’t dare tell |
| daren’t | daren’t tell |
| dare not | dare not tell |
C. seem / appear / pretend / claim
12. 这些动词后面也可以使用 to ...
We also use:
to + verb
after:
- seem
- appear
- pretend
- claim
13. seem to do
They seem to have plenty of money.
他们好像很有钱。
结构：
seem to + verb
14. pretend not to do
Ann pretended not to see me when she passed me in the street.
Ann 在街上从我身边经过时，假装没看见我。
结构：
pretend not to + verb
15. to be -ing
还可以使用：
to be + -ing
这叫：
continuous infinitive
例如：
I pretended to be reading the newspaper.
我假装正在看报纸。
等于：
I pretended that I was reading the newspaper.
16. to be doing 的含义
结构：
to be doing
表示：
某个动作正在进行。
例如：
He seems to be sleeping.
他好像正在睡觉。
17. to have done
还可以使用：
to have + past participle
这叫：
perfect infinitive
例如：
Have you seen my keys? I seem to have lost them.
你看到我的钥匙了吗？
我好像把它们弄丢了。
等于：
It seems that I have lost them.
18. claim not to have done
She claimed not to have seen me.
她声称没有看见我。
等于：
She claimed that she hadn’t seen me.
结构：
claim not to have + V3
19. 普通不定式 / 进行不定式 / 完成不定式
| Structure | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| to do | seem to know | 好像知道 |
| to be doing | seem to be working | 好像正在工作 |
| to have done | seem to have lost | 好像已经弄丢 |
| not to do | pretend not to see | 假装没看见 |
| not to have done | claim not to have seen | 声称之前没看见 |
20. 时间关系
to do
He seems to know the answer.
表示：
现在似乎知道。
to be doing
He seems to be working.
表示：
现在似乎正在工作。
to have done
He seems to have left.
表示：
他似乎已经离开了。
所以：
to have done 强调动作发生在更早之前。
D. Question word + to ...
21. 疑问词 + to-infinitive
在这些动词后面，我们可以使用：
question word + to + verb
常见动词：
- ask
- know
- decide
- remember
- forget
- learn
- explain
- understand
- wonder
常见疑问词：
- what
- how
- where
- whether
等。
22. ask how to do
We asked how to get to the station.
我们询问怎么去车站。
结构：
ask + how + to + verb
23. decide where to go
Have you decided where to go on holiday?
你决定假期去哪里了吗？
结构：
decide + where + to + verb
24. know whether to do
I don’t know whether to apply for the job or not.
我不知道要不要申请这份工作。
结构：
know + whether + to + verb
25. understand what to do
Do you understand what to do?
你知道该怎么做吗？
结构：
understand + what + to + verb
26. 图片中的结构表
| Main verb | Question word | to-infinitive | Rest |
|---|---|---|---|
| We asked | how | to get | to the station. |
| Have you decided | where | to go | on holiday? |
| I don’t know | whether | to apply | for the job or not. |
| Do you understand | what | to do | ? |
27. question word + to 的核心公式
结构：
verb + question word + to + verb
例如：
know what to do
decide where to go
learn how to drive
wonder whether to stay
28. what to do
I don’t know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。
不是：
❌ I don’t know what do.
29. how to do
Can you explain how to use this?
你能解释一下这个怎么用吗？
30. where to go
We haven’t decided where to go.
我们还没决定去哪里。
31. whether to do
I don’t know whether to stay or leave.
我不知道该留下还是离开。
32. somebody + what/how/where + to do
还可以使用：
show / tell / ask / advise / teach + somebody + question word + to-infinitive
图片中的重点：
show/tell/ask/advise/teach somebody what/how/where to do something
33. show somebody how to do
Can somebody show me how to use this camera?
有人能教我怎么用这台相机吗？
结构：
show + somebody + how + to + verb
34. tell somebody what to do
Ask Jack. He’ll tell you what to do.
去问 Jack。
他会告诉你该怎么做。
结构：
tell + somebody + what + to + verb
35. teach somebody how to do
例如：
My father taught me how to drive.
我爸爸教我怎么开车。
结构：
teach + somebody + how + to + verb
36. advise somebody what to do
例如：
The doctor advised me what to do.
医生告诉了我应该怎么做。
也可以根据语境使用：
advise somebody how to do something
37. Unit 54 A 部分完整动词表
下面这些动词可以接：
to + infinitive
| Verb | Example |
|---|---|
| offer | offer to help |
| agree | agree to help |
| refuse | refuse to go |
| decide | decide to leave |
| plan | plan to travel |
| arrange | arrange to meet |
| hope | hope to see |
| forget | forget to call |
| manage | manage to finish |
| fail | fail to understand |
| promise | promise to come |
| threaten | threaten to leave |
| deserve | deserve to win |
| afford | afford to buy |
| learn | learn to drive |
| tend | tend to talk |
38. 常见例句
offer
He offered to help me.
他主动提出帮助我。
refuse
She refused to answer the question.
她拒绝回答问题。
plan
We plan to travel next year.
我们计划明年旅行。
arrange
We arranged to meet at six.
我们安排六点见面。
hope
I hope to see you again.
我希望再次见到你。
forget
Don’t forget to lock the door.
别忘了锁门。
manage
We managed to finish the work.
我们设法完成了工作。
promise
I promise to help you.
我答应帮助你。
afford
I can’t afford to buy a new car.
我买不起新车。
39. Verb + to 和 Verb + -ing
这是 Unit 53 和 Unit 54 的核心对比。
Unit 53
有些动词后面使用：
-ing
例如：
enjoy reading
avoid doing
suggest going
Unit 54
有些动词后面使用：
to + verb
例如：
decide to go
agree to help
promise to come
40. 对比表
| Verb + -ing | Verb + to |
|---|---|
| enjoy doing | decide to do |
| avoid doing | agree to do |
| finish doing | promise to do |
| suggest doing | hope to do |
| consider doing | plan to do |
| admit doing | refuse to do |
| deny doing | manage to do |
41. forget to do
forget to do
表示：
忘记去做某件应该做的事情。
例如：
I forgot to call Tom.
我忘了给 Tom 打电话。
意思是：
电话没有打。
42. decide not to do
否定放在：
to 前面
结构：
decide not to do
不是：
❌ decide to not do
基础学习阶段优先使用：
not to do
例如：
We decided not to go.
43. promise not to do
I promised not to be late.
我答应不迟到。
结构：
promise + not to + verb
44. seem to have done 的思维
例如：
I seem to have lost my keys.
时间关系：
lose keys
↓
already happened
↓
now: it seems so
所以：
to have lost
表示：
“看起来之前已经弄丢了”。
45. pretend to be doing 的思维
I pretended to be reading.
时间关系：
pretend
+
reading happening
at the same time
所以：
to be doing
表示：
“假装当时正在做”。
46. question word + to 的思维
例如：
I don’t know what to do.
可以理解为：
I don't know
↓
what?
↓
to do
Have you decided where to go?
可以理解为：
decided
↓
where?
↓
to go
47. 最容易犯的错误
错误：
❌ We decided going home.
正确：
We decided to go home.
错误：
❌ He suggested to go.
正确：
He suggested going.
错误：
❌ I enjoy to read.
正确：
I enjoy reading.
错误：
❌ I daren’t to tell him.
正确：
I daren’t tell him.
错误：
❌ I don’t know what do.
正确：
I don’t know what to do.
错误：
❌ Can you show me how use this?
正确：
Can you show me how to use this?
48. Unit 54 核心结构总表
| Structure | Example |
|---|---|
| verb + to do | decide to go |
| verb + not to do | decide not to go |
| dare + (to) do | dare to tell / tell |
| daren’t + do | daren’t tell |
| seem + to do | seem to know |
| pretend + to be doing | pretend to be reading |
| seem + to have done | seem to have lost |
| claim + not to have done | claim not to have seen |
| question word + to do | know what to do |
| somebody + how to do | show me how to use it |
49. 最终思维模型
普通 to-infinitive
decide
+
to go
promise
+
to help
refuse
+
to answer
即：
verb + to + base verb
否定
decide
+
not to
+
go
即：
verb + not to + verb
进行不定式
to be
+
doing
例如：
seem to be working
完成不定式
to have
+
V3
例如：
seem to have lost
疑问词 + to
question word
+
to
+
verb
例如：
what to do
where to go
how to use
whether to apply
50. Unit 54 最核心总结
这一单元最重要的是：
很多动词后面使用 to + infinitive。
重点记：
decide to do
agree to do
refuse to do
hope to do
promise to do
plan to do
manage to do
fail to do
learn to do
tend to do
否定：
not to do
例如：
decide not to go
promise not to be late
另外：
seem / appear / pretend / claim + to ...
可以进一步使用：
to be doing
和：
to have done
例如：
He seems to be sleeping.
I seem to have lost my keys.
最后还要记住：
question word + to + verb
例如：
know what to do
decide where to go
learn how to drive
know whether to apply