Appearance
Unit 118 — like , as if
A. like / as if：描述看起来、听起来或感觉起来怎样
We use like or as if to say how somebody/something looks, sounds or feels.
我们使用 like 或 as if 来描述某人或某物：
- 看起来怎样
- 听起来怎样
- 感觉起来怎样
1. look like / look as if
That house looks like it’s going to fall down.
或者：
That house looks as if it’s going to fall down.
那座房子看起来好像要倒了。
结构：
look like + subject + verb
或：
look as if + subject + verb
2. sound like / sound as if
Amy sounded like she had a cold, didn’t she?
或者：
Amy sounded as if she had a cold, didn’t she?
Amy 听起来好像感冒了，不是吗？
3. feel like / feel as if
I’ve just had a holiday, but I feel very tired.
我刚刚度完假，但我感觉非常累。
I don’t feel like I’ve had a holiday.
或者：
I don’t feel as if I’ve had a holiday.
我感觉就像根本没度过假一样。
1. as though
在这些例子中也可以使用：
as though
例如：
I don’t feel as though I’ve had a holiday.
我感觉好像根本没有度过假一样。
所以：
as if ≈ as though
两者意思基本相同：
好像 / 仿佛
2. look + adjective 和 look like / as if + 句子
比较：
You look tired.
你看起来很累。
结构：
look + adjective
但是：
You look like you haven’t slept.
或者：
You look as if you haven’t slept.
你看起来好像没睡觉一样。
结构：
look like / as if + subject + verb
对比
You look tired.
这里：
tired = adjective
所以：
look + adjective
You look like you haven’t slept.
这里：
you = subject haven’t slept = verb
所以：
look like + subject + verb
You look as if you haven’t slept.
结构：
look as if + subject + verb
3. B. it looks like / it sounds like
我们可以说：
it looks like ...
或者：
it looks as if ...
以及：
it sounds like ...
或者：
it sounds as if ...
4. it looks like / as if
Sarah is very late. It looks like she isn’t coming.
或者：
Sarah is very late. It looks as if she isn’t coming.
Sarah 已经迟到很久了。看起来她不会来了。
过去时
It looked like it was going to rain, so we took an umbrella.
或者：
It looked as if it was going to rain, so we took an umbrella.
看起来好像要下雨了，所以我们带了伞。
常见结构
现在：
It looks like + sentence
It looks as if + sentence
过去：
It looked like + sentence
It looked as if + sentence
5. it sounds like / as if
The noise is very loud next door.
隔壁的声音非常大。
It sounds like they’re having a party.
或者：
It sounds as if they’re having a party.
听起来他们好像正在开派对。
也可以使用：
as though
例如：
It sounds as though they’re having a party.
听起来他们好像正在开派对。
核心结构
It looks like + S + V
It looks as if + S + V
It sounds like + S + V
It sounds as if + S + V
It feels like + S + V
It feels as if + S + V
6. C. like / as if / as though + 其他动词
You can use like / as if / as though with other verbs to say how somebody does something.
我们还可以把 like / as if / as though 和其他动词一起使用，描述：
某人做某件事情时“好像……”
7. like + sentence
He ran like he was running for his life.
他拼命地跑，就像在逃命一样。
这里：
He ran...
描述动作。
然后：
like he was running for his life
描述：
他跑起来是什么样子的。
8. as if + sentence
After the interruption, the speaker went on talking as if nothing had happened.
被打断以后，演讲者继续讲话，就好像什么事情都没有发生过一样。
非常常见的固定表达：
as if nothing had happened
就好像什么都没有发生一样。
9. as though + sentence
When I told them my plan, they looked at me as though I was mad.
当我告诉他们我的计划时，他们看着我，就好像我疯了一样。
这里：
as though I was mad
= 好像我疯了一样。
10. D. as if + 过去时：表达“不真实”
这是本单元最重要的语法点之一。
After as if, we sometimes use the past when we are talking about the present.
在 as if 后面，即使我们谈论的是：
现在
有时候也会使用：
过去时
为什么？
因为这个过去时并不真正表示过去，而是在表达：
事实并不是这样
也就是一种：
假设 / 不真实 / 与事实相反
11. as if he knew everything
例如：
I don’t like him. He talks as if he knew everything.
我不喜欢他。他说起话来好像什么都知道一样。
注意：
knew
虽然是过去式，但这里并不是在说过去。
真正的意思是：
He does not know everything.
他实际上并不是什么都知道。
为什么使用 knew？
因为：
as if he knew everything
表达的是：
他表现得好像什么都知道，但实际上不是。
所以这里使用过去式表示：
unreal idea
不真实的想法。
12. 和 if / wish 的“过去时”逻辑相同
这里的过去时和下面这些结构中的逻辑相似：
if
wish
例如：
If I had more money, I would buy a new car.
如果我有更多钱，我会买一辆新车。
这里的：
had
不是单纯表示过去，而是：
现在实际上没有那么多钱。
同样：
He talks as if he knew everything.
意味着：
实际上他并不是什么都知道。
13. like 通常不用这种“不真实过去时”结构
We do not normally use like in this way.
也就是说，当我们明确使用：
过去时表示与现在事实相反
这种结构时，通常使用：
as if / as though
而不是 like。
14. as if I didn’t have ...
She’s always asking me to do things for her – as if I didn’t have enough to do already.
她总是让我帮她做各种事情——好像我自己手头的事情还不够多似的。
但实际上：
I have enough to do already.
我实际上已经有很多事情要做了。
所以：
as if I didn’t have ...
表达与现实相反。
15. as if he was an old man
Joe’s only 40. Why do you talk about him as if he was an old man?
Joe 才 40 岁。你为什么说起他来好像他是个老头一样？
实际上：
He isn’t an old man.
他并不是老头。
所以：
as if he was an old man
这里的 was 表达的是：
与事实不符的假设
16. as if + were
当过去时以这种方式使用时，可以使用：
were
代替：
was
例如：
Why do you talk about him as if he were an old man?
你为什么说起他来好像他是个老头一样？
因此：
as if he was an old man
可以。
更传统、正式：
as if he were an old man
也可以。
17. as if I were / as if I was
例如：
They treat me as if I were their own son.
或者：
They treat me as if I was their own son.
他们对待我就好像我是他们自己的儿子一样。
但是实际上：
I’m not their son.
我不是他们的儿子。
18. 本单元最重要的两种 as if
学习 as if 时，最好把它分成两类。
第一类：根据现象作判断
你看到、听到、感觉到某种迹象，然后说：
好像……
例如：
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
这里：
真的有可能下雨。
It sounds as if they’re having a party.
听起来他们好像正在开派对。
这里：
他们真的可能正在开派对。
这种情况下，并没有强调“事实相反”。
19. 第二类：与事实相反
例如：
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说话好像什么都知道。
但实际上：
He doesn’t know everything.
They treat me as if I were their son.
他们对待我好像我是他们的儿子。
但实际上：
I’m not their son.
所以可以形成一个非常重要的对比：
可能是真的
He looks as if he is tired.
他看起来好像累了。
可能：
He really is tired.
明显不是真的 / 与事实相反
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说话好像什么都知道。
实际：
He doesn’t know everything.
20. like / as if / as though 的关系
基本意思：
like 像……
as if 好像……
as though 仿佛 / 好像……
很多情况下：
as if ≈ as though
例如：
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
=
It looks as though it’s going to rain.
而口语中经常会使用：
like
例如：
It looks like it’s going to rain.
这是非常自然、常见的口语表达。
21. look / sound / feel 常用结构
look
look + adjective
You look tired.
你看起来很累。
look like + sentence
You look like you haven’t slept.
你看起来好像没睡觉。
look as if + sentence
You look as if you haven’t slept.
你看起来好像没睡觉。
22. sound
sound + adjective
That sounds good.
听起来不错。
sound like + sentence
It sounds like they’re having a party.
听起来他们好像正在开派对。
sound as if + sentence
It sounds as if they’re having a party.
听起来他们好像正在开派对。
23. feel
feel + adjective
I feel tired.
我感觉很累。
feel like + sentence
I feel like I haven’t slept at all.
我感觉自己好像根本没睡觉。
feel as if + sentence
I feel as if I haven’t slept at all.
我感觉自己好像根本没睡觉。
24. 日常口语中的高频表达
It looks like it’s going to rain.
看起来要下雨了。
You look like you’re tired.
你看起来好像累了。
It sounds like a good idea.
听起来是个好主意。
It sounds like you had a good time.
听起来你玩得很开心。
I feel like I haven’t slept enough.
我感觉自己好像没睡够。
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说话好像什么都知道一样。
She acted as if nothing had happened.
她表现得好像什么都没有发生一样。
25. 注意：feel like 还有另一个非常常见的意思
除了本单元的：
feel like + sentence
表示：
感觉好像……
之外，日常英语里还有：
feel like + noun / -ing
表示：
想要……
例如：
I feel like coffee.
我想喝咖啡。
I feel like having a coffee.
我想喝杯咖啡。
I feel like going out.
我想出去。
所以需要根据后面的结构判断意思。
26. 最终思维模型
情况 1：look / sound / feel + adjective
直接描述状态：
You look tired.
It sounds good.
I feel tired.
结构：
look / sound / feel + adjective
情况 2：look / sound / feel + like + 句子
表示：
看起来 / 听起来 / 感觉好像……
例如：
It looks like it’s going to rain.
It sounds like they’re having a party.
I feel like I haven’t slept.
结构：
look / sound / feel + like + S + V
情况 3：as if / as though + 句子
同样表示：
好像 / 仿佛……
例如：
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It sounds as though they’re having a party.
结构：
as if / as though + S + V
情况 4：as if + 过去时
如果表达：
与现在事实相反 / 明知道不是真的
可以使用过去时：
He talks as if he knew everything.
实际：
He doesn’t know everything.
They treat me as if I were their son.
实际：
I’m not their son.
27. 最核心公式
look + adjective 看起来……
sound + adjective 听起来……
feel + adjective 感觉……
look like + S + V 看起来好像……
sound like + S + V 听起来好像……
feel like + S + V 感觉好像……
as if + S + V 好像……
as though + S + V 仿佛……
as if + past tense 好像……一样，但实际上并不是
28. 一句话记住 Unit 118
like / as if / as though = “好像……”
如果只是根据看到、听到的迹象进行判断：
It looks like it’s going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
如果强调“实际上并不是这样”：
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说话好像什么都知道一样，但实际上并不是。
这就是本单元最核心的区别。