Appearance
Unit 106 — Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.)
A. much / a lot etc. + comparative
在比较级前面,我们可以使用一些程度副词,表示“……得多”或“稍微……一点”。
Before comparatives you can use:
mucha lotfar (= a lot) a bita littleslightly (= a little)
基本结构:
程度副词 + comparative
1. much / a lot / far + 比较级
表示:
……得多 / ……多了
例如:
I felt ill earlier, but I feel much better now. or a lot better (我之前感觉不舒服,但现在感觉好多了。)
Don’t go by train. It’s a lot more expensive. or much more expensive (不要坐火车。坐火车贵得多。)
The problem is far more serious than we thought at first. (这个问题比我们一开始想象的严重得多。)
这里:
much better = 好得多
a lot better = 好得多
much more expensive = 贵得多
far more serious = 严重得多
2. a bit / a little / slightly + 比较级
表示:
稍微……一点
例如:
Could you speak a bit more slowly? or a little more slowly (你能说得稍微慢一点吗?)
This bag is slightly heavier than the other one. (这个包比另一个稍微重一点。)
常见表达:
a bit bigger 大一点
a little cheaper 便宜一点
slightly better 稍微好一点
a bit more expensive 稍微贵一点
3. 程度强弱
可以简单理解为:
much / a lot / far → 差距大
a bit / a little / slightly → 差距小
例如:
This car is much cheaper.
这辆车便宜得多。
This car is a little cheaper.
这辆车稍微便宜一点。
1. B. any / no + comparative
我们可以使用:
any + comparative
以及:
no + comparative
例如:
any longer
any bigger
any better
no bigger
no more expensive
2. not ... any + comparative
结构:
not + any + comparative
表示:
一点也没有更…… / 不再……
例如:
I’ve waited long enough. I’m not waiting any longer. (= not even a little longer)
(我已经等得够久了。我不再等了。)
这里:
not ... any longer
常常表示:
不再……
例如:
I don’t live there any longer.
我已经不住在那里了。
any better
- How do you feel now? Do you feel any better? (你现在感觉怎么样?有没有好一点?)
这里的:
any better
可以理解为:
好一点 / 有任何改善
所以日常对话中经常会听到:
Do you feel any better?
你有没有感觉好一点?
3. no + comparative
结构:
no + comparative
表示:
一点也没有更……
例如:
- We expected their apartment to be very big, but it’s no bigger than ours. (我们原以为他们的公寓会很大,但其实一点也不比我们的公寓大。)
也可以说:
- It isn’t any bigger than ours.
两种表达基本相同:
no bigger
≈
not any bigger
更多例子
- This hotel is better than the other one, and it’s no more expensive. (这家酒店比另一家更好,而且一点也不更贵。)
这里:
no more expensive
= 并没有更贵
4. C. better and better, more and more etc.
如果一个事物持续发生变化,可以重复使用比较级。
基本结构:
comparative + and + comparative
表示:
越来越……
5. -er 比较级:better and better
例如:
better and better
越来越好
bigger and bigger
越来越大
faster and faster
越来越快
older and older
越来越老
例句
Your English is improving. It’s getting better and better. (你的英语正在进步。它变得越来越好了。)
The city has grown fast in recent years. It’s got bigger and bigger. (这座城市近年来发展得很快,变得越来越大。)
6. more 型比较级:more and more ...
对于使用 more 构成比较级的词:
more and more + adjective/adverb
例如:
more and more expensive
越来越贵
more and more difficult
越来越困难
more and more important
越来越重要
more and more convinced
越来越确信
例句
- As I listened to his story, I became more and more convinced that he was lying. (随着我继续听他的故事,我越来越确信他在撒谎。)
7. more and more + noun
more and more 还可以直接修饰名词:
more and more + plural noun
表示:
越来越多的……
例如:
- More and more tourists are visiting this part of the country. (越来越多的游客来到这个地区。)
再比如:
more and more people
越来越多的人
more and more cars
越来越多的汽车
more and more students
越来越多的学生
8. D. the ... the ...
英语中有一个非常重要的比较级结构:
the + comparative ..., the + comparative ...
表示:
越……,越……
9. the sooner the better
You can say:
the sooner the better
表示:
越早越好
例如:
A: What time shall we leave? B: The sooner the better.
A:我们什么时候出发? B:越早越好。
也可以理解为:
as soon as possible
尽可能早。
10. the bigger the better
例如:
A: What sort of bag do you want? A big one? B: Yes, the bigger the better.
A:你想要什么样的包?大的吗? B:对,越大越好。
这里:
the bigger the better
= as big as possible
= 越大越好
常见固定表达
The sooner, the better. 越早越好。
The bigger, the better. 越大越好。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
The less, the better. 越少越好。
例句
- When you’re travelling, the less luggage you have the better. (旅行的时候,行李越少越好。)
11. the ... the ... 表示两个变化相互关联
这个结构还可以表示:
一个事物发生变化,另一个事物也随之变化。
基本结构:
The + comparative + 主语 + 动词, the + comparative + 主语 + 动词.
也就是:
越……,就越……
例句 1
The sooner we leave, the earlier we’ll arrive. (= if we leave sooner, we’ll arrive earlier)
(我们出发得越早,到达得就越早。)
结构:
The sooner we leave, the earlier we’ll arrive.
例句 2
The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.
(你越年轻,学习起来就越容易。)
结构:
The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.
例句 3
The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.
(酒店越贵,服务越好。)
这里省略了部分 be 动词结构,可以理解为:
The more expensive the hotel is, the better the service is.
例句 4
The more I thought about the plan, the less I liked it.
(我越考虑这个计划,就越不喜欢它。)
这里出现:
the more ..., the less ...
表示:
越……,越不…… / 越……,越少……
12. the more / the less
这个结构非常常见:
the more ..., the more ...
越……,越……
例如:
The more you practise, the better you become.
你练得越多,就会变得越好。
也可以:
the more ..., the less ...
越……,越少……
例如:
The more I know about it, the less I like it.
我对它了解得越多,就越不喜欢它。
还可以:
the less ..., the better ...
越少……,越好……
例如:
The less luggage you have, the better.
你的行李越少越好。
13. E. older and elder
14. old → older
old 的正常比较级是:
old → older
例如:
- David looks older than he really is. (David 看起来比他的实际年龄更老。)
注意:
✅ looks older
❌ looks elder
15. elder 用于家庭成员
elder 主要用于谈论:
家庭成员之间的年龄关系
例如:
my elder sister
我的姐姐
my elder brother
我的哥哥
their elder son
他们的大儿子
elder + family member
结构:
elder + family member
例如:
- My elder sister is a TV producer. (我的姐姐是一名电视制片人。)
也可以说:
- My older sister is a TV producer.
所以:
elder sister
和:
older sister
都可以。
16. elder 不能用于 than 比较结构
如果明确说:
A 比 B 年长
必须使用:
older than
例如:
- My sister is older than me. (我姐姐比我大。)
不能说:
❌ My sister is elder than me.
所以:
elder + family noun ✅
但是:
elder than ❌
17. older 和 elder 对比
| 用法 | older | elder |
|---|---|---|
| 一般表示“更老/年龄更大” | ✅ | ❌ |
| 家庭成员 | ✅ | ✅ |
| older/elder sister | ✅ | ✅ |
| older/elder brother | ✅ | ✅ |
| 和 than 连用 | ✅ | ❌ |
| be + older | ✅ | ❌ |
| look + older | ✅ | ❌ |
例如:
My elder brother lives in Shanghai. 我的哥哥住在上海。
也可以:
My older brother lives in Shanghai.
但是:
My brother is older than me. ✅
不能说:
My brother is elder than me. ❌
18. 本单元核心结构汇总
| 结构 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| much + comparative | ……得多 | much better |
| a lot + comparative | ……得多 | a lot bigger |
| far + comparative | ……得多 | far more serious |
| a bit + comparative | 稍微……一点 | a bit better |
| a little + comparative | 稍微……一点 | a little cheaper |
| slightly + comparative | 稍微……一点 | slightly heavier |
| not any + comparative | 一点也没有更…… | not any better |
| no + comparative | 一点也没有更…… | no bigger |
| comparative + and + comparative | 越来越…… | better and better |
| more and more + adjective | 越来越…… | more and more expensive |
| more and more + noun | 越来越多的…… | more and more people |
| the + comparative, the + comparative | 越……越…… | the sooner, the better |
| elder + family noun | 年长的家庭成员 | elder sister |
| older than | 比……年长 | older than me |
19. 最终思维模型
Unit 106 可以整理成四个核心概念。
第一类:比较的差距有多大?
差距大
much / a lot / far + comparative
例如:
much better
a lot cheaper
far more expensive
含义:
……得多
差距小
a bit / a little / slightly + comparative
例如:
a bit better
a little cheaper
slightly bigger
含义:
稍微……一点
第二类:有没有变得更……
使用:
any / no + comparative
例如:
Do you feel any better?
你感觉好一点了吗?
It’s no bigger than ours.
它一点也不比我们的大。
核心关系:
no bigger
≈
not any bigger
第三类:持续变化
如果想表达:
越来越……
使用:
comparative + and + comparative
例如:
better and better
越来越好
bigger and bigger
越来越大
长形容词使用:
more and more + adjective
例如:
more and more expensive
越来越贵
第四类:两个变化相互关联
如果想表达:
越……,越……
使用:
the + comparative ..., the + comparative ...
例如:
The sooner we leave, the earlier we’ll arrive.
我们出发得越早,就会到得越早。
最常用的固定表达:
The sooner, the better.
越早越好。
The more, the better.
越多越好。
The less, the better.
越少越好。
最后再记住:
old → older
正常比较级。
elder + family member
主要表示家庭中的哥哥、姐姐等年长成员。
所以:
my elder sister ✅
my older sister ✅
My sister is older than me. ✅
My sister is elder than me. ❌
整个 Unit 106 最核心可以浓缩成:
much / a lot / far + 比较级 → ……得多
a bit / a little / slightly + 比较级 → 稍微……一点
any / no + 比较级 → 有没有更…… / 一点也没有更……
better and better → 越来越好
more and more expensive → 越来越贵
the + 比较级, the + 比较级 → 越……越……
older than → 比……年长
elder + 家庭成员 → 年长的家庭成员