Appearance
Unit 50 — Questions 2
do you know where ...? / he asked me where ...
A. Do you know where ...? / I don’t know why ... / Could you tell me what ...?
1. 间接疑问句的核心语序
直接疑问句：
Where has Tom gone?
Tom 去哪里了？
但是，如果这个问题成为一个更长句子的一部分：
Do you know where Tom has gone?
你知道 Tom 去哪里了吗？
不是：
❌ Do you know where has Tom gone?
2. 核心规则：间接疑问句使用陈述句语序
直接疑问句：
Where has Tom gone?
结构：
Where + has + Tom + gone?
↑ ↑
verb subject
间接疑问句：
Do you know where Tom has gone?
结构：
Do you know + where + Tom + has gone?
↑ ↑
subject verb
所以：
疑问词 + 主语 + 动词
而不是：
❌ 疑问词 + 动词 + 主语
3. 当问题成为更长句子的一部分时
当：
Where has Tom gone?
成为下面这些句型的一部分：
- Do you know ...?
- I don’t know ...
- Can you tell me ...?
- Could you tell me ...?
- Do you have any idea ...?
后面的语序需要改变。
4. What time is it?
直接疑问句：
What time is it?
间接疑问句：
Do you know what time it is?
不是：
❌ Do you know what time is it?
对比：
| Direct question | Indirect question |
|---|---|
| What time is it? | Do you know what time it is? |
5. Who are those people?
直接疑问句：
Who are those people?
间接疑问句：
I don’t know who those people are.
不是：
❌ I don’t know who are those people.
对比：
| Direct question | Indirect question |
|---|---|
| Who are those people? | I don’t know who those people are. |
6. Where can I find Louise?
直接疑问句：
Where can I find Louise?
间接疑问句：
Can you tell me where I can find Louise?
不是：
❌ Can you tell me where can I find Louise?
对比：
| Direct question | Indirect question |
|---|---|
| Where can I find Louise? | Can you tell me where I can find Louise? |
7. How much will it cost?
直接疑问句：
How much will it cost?
间接疑问句：
Do you have any idea how much it will cost?
不是：
❌ Do you have any idea how much will it cost?
对比：
| Direct question | Indirect question |
|---|---|
| How much will it cost? | Do you have any idea how much it will cost? |
8. 直接疑问句 vs 间接疑问句
| 直接疑问句 | 间接疑问句 |
|---|---|
| What time is it? | Do you know what time it is? |
| Who are those people? | I don’t know who those people are. |
| Where can I find Louise? | Can you tell me where I can find Louise? |
| How much will it cost? | Do you have any idea how much it will cost? |
核心变化：
直接疑问句：
question word + verb + subject
↓
间接疑问句：
question word + subject + verb
9. 特别注意 do / does / did
使用：
do / does / did
构成的直接疑问句，在变成间接疑问句时尤其需要注意。
What time does the film start?
直接疑问句：
What time does the film start?
间接疑问句：
Do you know what time the film starts?
不是：
❌ Do you know what time does the film start?
注意：
直接疑问句中的：
does + start
变成间接疑问句以后：
starts
所以：
What time does the film start?
↓
Do you know what time the film starts?
10. What do you mean?
直接疑问句：
What do you mean?
间接表达：
Please explain what you mean.
不是：
❌ Please explain what do you mean.
变化：
do you mean
↓
you mean
11. Why did she leave early?
直接疑问句：
Why did she leave early?
间接表达：
I wonder why she left early.
变化：
did she leave
↓
she left
所以：
did + leave → left
12. do / does / did 的转换规律
| Direct question | Indirect question |
|---|---|
| What time does the film start? | Do you know what time the film starts? |
| What do you mean? | Please explain what you mean. |
| Why did she leave early? | I wonder why she left early. |
可以理解为：
do / does / did
↓
在间接疑问部分消失
然后动词恢复正常的：
主语 + 动词
形式。
13. 没有疑问词时使用 if / whether
如果原来的问题中没有：
- what
- why
- where
- when
- who
- how
- which
等疑问词，我们使用：
if
或者：
whether
Did anybody see you?
直接疑问句：
Did anybody see you?
间接表达：
I don’t know if anybody saw me.
或者：
I don’t know whether anybody saw me.
14. if / whether 的结构
if / whether
+
subject
+
verb
例如：
I don’t know if anybody saw me.
I don’t know whether anybody saw me.
不是：
❌ I don’t know if did anybody see me.
15. if / whether 的基本理解
直接疑问句：
Did he call?
↓
间接疑问句：
I don’t know if he called.
或者：
I don’t know whether he called.
直接疑问句：
Is she at home?
↓
间接疑问句：
Do you know if she is at home?
直接疑问句：
Can Tom drive?
↓
间接疑问句：
Do you know whether Tom can drive?
B. He asked me where ...
16. Reported questions — 转述疑问句
在**间接引语 / 转述疑问句（reported questions）**中，也发生同样的语序变化。
也就是说：
不再使用直接疑问句语序。
而使用：
主语 + 动词
17. Where are you going?
直接引语：
The police officer said to us: “Where are you going?”
转述：
The police officer asked us where we were going.
对比：
direct:
Where are you going?
↓
are + you
reported:
where you were going
↓
you + were
所以：
are you going → you were going
18. What time do the shops close?
直接引语：
Clare asked: “What time do the shops close?”
转述：
Clare wanted to know what time the shops closed.
变化：
do the shops close
↓
the shops closed
19. Reported questions 的两个变化
转述疑问句通常需要注意两个方面：
① 疑问句语序 → 陈述句语序
例如：
Where are you going?
↓
She asked where I was going.
② 动词通常向过去移动
在 reported speech 中，动词通常变成过去形式：
are → were
close → closed
这一点与 Unit 47 的 reported speech 规则相同。
20. Direct question 和 Reported question
| Direct question | Reported question |
|---|---|
| Where are you going? | He asked where I was going. |
| What time do the shops close? | She asked what time the shops closed. |
核心：
reported question 使用陈述句语序。
21. Job interview 示例
假设你参加了一次工作面试。
面试官问你下面这些问题。
Are you willing to travel?
Are you willing to travel?
你愿意出差吗？
后来你告诉朋友：
She asked if (or whether) I was willing to travel.
变化：
Are you willing ...?
↓
if I was willing ...
22. What do you do in your spare time?
面试官：
What do you do in your spare time?
你空闲时间做什么？
转述：
She wanted to know what I did in my spare time.
变化：
What do you do ...?
↓
what I did ...
23. How long have you been working in your present job?
面试官：
How long have you been working in your present job?
你现在这份工作做多久了？
转述：
She asked how long I had been working in my present job.
变化：
have you been working
↓
I had been working
即：
present perfect continuous
↓
past perfect continuous
24. Why did you apply for the job?
面试官：
Why did you apply for the job?
你为什么申请这份工作？
转述：
She asked why I had applied for the job.
或者：
She asked why I applied for the job.
两种形式都可以。
变化：
did you apply
↓
I had applied
或者：
I applied
25. Can you speak any other languages?
面试官：
Can you speak any other languages?
你会说其他语言吗？
这是一个：
Yes / No question
没有 what / why / where 等疑问词。
因此使用：
if / whether
转述：
She wanted to know if (or whether) I could speak any other languages.
变化：
can
↓
could
26. Do you have a driving licence?
面试官：
Do you have a driving licence?
你有驾照吗？
转述：
She asked if (or whether) I had a driving licence.
变化：
Do you have ...?
↓
if I had ...
27. 面试问题完整对照
| Direct question | Reported question |
|---|---|
| Are you willing to travel? | She asked if/whether I was willing to travel. |
| What do you do in your spare time? | She wanted to know what I did in my spare time. |
| How long have you been working in your present job? | She asked how long I had been working in my present job. |
| Why did you apply for the job? | She asked why I had applied for the job. |
| Can you speak any other languages? | She wanted to know if/whether I could speak any other languages. |
| Do you have a driving licence? | She asked if/whether I had a driving licence. |
28. 疑问词问题的转换
如果直接疑问句本身有疑问词：
- what
- where
- when
- why
- who
- which
- how
那么保留这个疑问词。
例如：
Where are you going?
↓
He asked me where I was going.
Why did you leave?
↓
He asked me why I had left.
What do you want?
↓
He asked me what I wanted.
结构：
question word
+
subject
+
verb
29. Yes / No 问题的转换
如果直接疑问句没有疑问词：
Is ...?
Are ...?
Do ...?
Does ...?
Did ...?
Can ...?
Have ...?
等，
转述时通常使用：
if / whether
结构：
asked / wanted to know
+
if / whether
+
subject
+
verb
例如：
Are you tired?
↓
She asked if I was tired.
Did you see him?
↓
She asked whether I had seen him.
Can you swim?
↓
She asked if I could swim.
30. Do you know ...? 类间接疑问句
这一单元前半部分并不一定是 reported speech。
例如：
Do you know where Tom is?
Can you tell me what time it is?
I wonder why she left.
Do you have any idea how much it will cost?
这些都是：
indirect questions / embedded questions
核心规则仍然一样：
后面的疑问部分使用陈述句语序。
31. 直接疑问句 vs 间接疑问句语序
直接疑问句
question word
+
auxiliary verb
+
subject
+
verb
例如：
Where has Tom gone?
间接疑问句
opening expression
+
question word
+
subject
+
verb
例如：
Do you know where Tom has gone?
32. 最常见错误：保留疑问句倒装
错误：
❌ Do you know where is Tom?
正确：
✅ Do you know where Tom is?
错误：
❌ Can you tell me what does this mean?
正确：
✅ Can you tell me what this means?
错误：
❌ Do you know when will he arrive?
正确：
✅ Do you know when he will arrive?
错误：
❌ I wonder why did she leave.
正确：
✅ I wonder why she left.
33. do / does / did 为什么会“消失”
例如：
What does he want?
这里的：
does
只是用来构成一般现在时疑问句。
当它进入间接疑问句后，不再需要疑问句结构。
所以：
What does he want?
↓
what he wants
例如：
Do you know what he wants?
不是：
❌ Do you know what does he want?
同样：
Why did she leave?
↓
why she left
所以：
I wonder why she left.
34. 常见开头表达
间接疑问句经常使用：
Do you know ...?
Do you know where ...?
I don’t know ...
Can you tell me ...?
Could you tell me ...?
Do you have any idea ...?
I wonder ...
Please explain ...
例如：
Do you know where she lives?
Could you tell me what time it is?
I wonder why he left.
Do you have any idea how much it costs?
35. 时态后移
在 reported questions 中，如果前面的动词是过去时：
asked
wanted to know
后面的时态通常也会向过去移动。
常见变化：
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
|---|---|
| am / is | was |
| are | were |
| do / does | → 一般过去时 |
| did | had done / past simple |
| have / has done | had done |
| have / has been doing | had been doing |
| can | could |
| will | would |
例如：
“Where are you going?”
↓
He asked where I was going.
“Can you swim?”
↓
He asked if I could swim.
“How long have you been working here?”
↓
She asked how long I had been working there.
36. 注意：语序变化和时态变化是两件事
学习这一单元时最好把它们分开理解。
例如：
Where are you going?
第一步：改变疑问句语序：
where are you going
↓
where you are going
第二步：reported speech 时态后移：
where you are going
↓
where I was going
最终：
He asked me where I was going.
37. Yes / No question 也一样
直接问题：
Can you speak English?
第一步加入：
if / whether
得到：
if you can speak English
然后根据 reported speech 调整人称和时态：
if I could speak English
最终：
She asked if I could speak English.
38. Unit 49 和 Unit 50 的区别
Unit 49 学的是：
直接疑问句怎么构成
例如：
Where is Tom?
What does he want?
Why did she leave?
Unit 50 学的是：
当这些疑问句进入另一个句子以后，语序怎么办
例如：
Do you know where Tom is?
Can you tell me what he wants?
I wonder why she left.
所以可以理解为：
Unit 49
Direct question
↓
疑问句语序
Unit 50
Indirect / reported question
↓
陈述句语序
39. 最终思维模型
情况一：直接疑问句
Where is Tom?
↓
question word
+
verb
+
subject
Where is Tom?
情况二：间接疑问句
Do you know
+
where
+
Tom
+
is
Do you know where Tom is?
核心：
疑问词后面恢复陈述句语序。
情况三：do / does / did
直接：
What does he want?
间接：
Do you know what he wants?
变化：
does he want
↓
he wants
直接：
Why did she leave?
间接：
I wonder why she left.
变化：
did she leave
↓
she left
情况四：没有疑问词
如果原问题是 Yes / No question：
Did he call?
使用：
if / whether
所以：
I don’t know if he called.
I don’t know whether he called.
结构：
if / whether
+
subject
+
verb
情况五：Reported question
直接：
“Where are you going?”
↓
先恢复陈述句语序：
where you are going
↓
再根据 reported speech 调整：
where I was going
最终：
He asked me where I was going.
40. Unit 50 核心公式
有疑问词
Do you know / Can you tell me / I wonder / He asked ...
+
question word
+
subject
+
verb
例如：
Do you know where Tom is?
Can you tell me what this means?
I wonder why she left.
He asked me where I was going.
没有疑问词
ask / know / wonder
+
if / whether
+
subject
+
verb
例如：
I don’t know if he is coming.
She asked whether I could swim.
41. 一张表掌握 Unit 50
| Direct question | Indirect / Reported question |
|---|---|
| Where is Tom? | Do you know where Tom is? |
| What does he want? | Do you know what he wants? |
| Why did she leave? | I wonder why she left. |
| How much will it cost? | Do you know how much it will cost? |
| Did anybody see you? | I don’t know if anybody saw me. |
| Where are you going? | He asked where I was going. |
| Can you speak English? | She asked if I could speak English. |
42. 一句话记忆 Unit 50
直接问：疑问句语序。
嵌入另一个句子以后：恢复“主语 + 动词”的陈述句语序。
也就是：
Where is Tom?
↓
Do you know where Tom is?
What does he want?
↓
Do you know what he wants?
Why did she leave?
↓
I wonder why she left.
Did he call?
↓
I don't know if he called.
Where are you going?
↓
He asked me where I was going.