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Unit 140 — Phrasal verbs 4: on/off (1)


A. on and off for lights, machines etc.

对于灯、机器等,我们使用 on / off

基本表达

We say:

the light is on 灯开着

put the light on 把灯打开

leave the light on 让灯一直开着

etc.


turn / switch ... on/off

turn the light on/off

或者:

switch the light on/off

表示:

开灯 / 关灯

Examples:

  • Shall I leave the lights on or turn them off?

    我要让灯继续开着,还是把它们关掉?

  • ‘Is the heating on?’ ‘No, I switched it off.’

    “暖气开着吗?” “没有,我把它关了。”


put ... on

我们也可以说:

put (music, a song) on

表示:

播放音乐 / 播放歌曲

Example:

  • Let’s put some music on. What would you like to hear?

    我们放点音乐吧。你想听什么?


put the kettle on

put the kettle on

表示:

把水壶打开烧水 / 烧壶水

Example:

  • We need boiling water, so I’ll put the kettle on.

    我们需要开水,所以我要烧壶水。


A 部分核心结构

表达含义
be on开着 / 运行着
turn something on打开
switch something on打开
leave something on让某物保持开启
turn something off关闭
switch something off关闭
put music on播放音乐
put the kettle on烧水

1. B. on and off for events etc.

对于事件、活动等,on / off 也有特殊含义。


go on = happen

go on = happen

表示:

发生 / 进行

Example:

  • What’s all that noise? What’s going on?

    那些声音是怎么回事?发生什么事了?

也就是:

What’s going on?

=

What’s happening?

这是非常常见的日常口语表达。

例如:

What’s going on here?

这里发生什么事了?


call something off = cancel it

call something off

表示:

取消某事

Example:

  • The concert in the park had to be called off because of the weather.

    因为天气原因,公园里的音乐会不得不取消。

结构:

call off + something

或者:

call + something + off

例如:

They called off the meeting.

他们取消了会议。

也可以:

They called the meeting off.

如果使用代词:

They called it off.

不能说:

They called off it.


put something off

put something off = delay it

表示:

推迟 / 延期

Example:

  • The election has been put off until January.

    选举已经被推迟到一月份。


put off doing something

结构:

put off + doing something

表示:

推迟做某事

Example:

  • We can’t put off making a decision. We have to decide now.

    我们不能再推迟做决定了。我们现在必须决定。

注意:

put off doing

而不是:

put off to do

例如:

Don’t put off doing your homework.

不要拖延做作业。


call off vs put off

两者非常容易混淆:

call off = cancel 取消

put off = delay 推迟

例如:

The meeting was called off.

会议取消了。

意味着:

不开了。

而:

The meeting was put off until Friday.

会议推迟到星期五。

意味着:

还会开,只是时间变了。


2. C. on and off for clothes etc.

对于衣服、眼镜等,我们也经常使用 on / off


put on

put on clothes, glasses, make-up, a seat belt etc.

表示:

穿上 / 戴上 / 涂上 / 系上

例如:

put on clothes 穿衣服

put on glasses 戴眼镜

put on make-up 化妆

put on a seat belt 系安全带

Example:

  • My hands were cold, so I put my gloves on.

    我的手很冷,所以我戴上了手套。

也可以说:

I put on my gloves.

如果使用代词:

I put them on.

不能说:

I put on them.


put on weight

put on weight = get heavier

表示:

体重增加 / 长胖

Example:

  • I’ve put on two kilos in the last month.

    我上个月胖了两公斤。

这里的:

put on two kilos

不是“穿上两公斤”,而是:

体重增加了两公斤

反义表达:

lose weight

减肥 / 减轻体重


try on

try on clothes

= to see if they fit

表示:

试穿

Example:

  • I tried on a jacket in the shop, but it didn’t look right.

    我在商店里试穿了一件夹克,但看起来不太合适。

结构:

try on a jacket

或者:

try a jacket on

如果使用代词:

try it on

例如:

Can I try it on?

我可以试穿一下吗?

这是买衣服时非常常用的一句话。


take off

take off clothes, glasses etc.

表示:

脱掉 / 摘掉

Example:

  • It was warm, so I took off my coat.

    天气很暖和,所以我脱掉了外套。

也可以说:

I took my coat off.

如果使用代词:

I took it off.


put on / try on / take off

三个短语可以放在一起记:

put on → 穿上

try on → 试穿

take off → 脱掉

例如买衣服:

Can I try this jacket on?

我可以试穿这件夹克吗?

Sure. Put it on.

当然,穿上试试。

It’s too small. I’ll take it off.

太小了,我把它脱下来。


3. D. off = away from a person or place

这里的 off 核心含义是:

离开某个人或某个地方

可以理解成:

原来在这里 → 离开这里


be off

be off (to a place)

表示:

要走了 / 要去某地了

Examples:

  • Tomorrow I’m off to Paris.

    明天我要去巴黎。

  • I’m off on holiday.

    我要去度假了。

也就是:

I’m going to Paris.

或者:

I’m going on holiday.

日常口语里:

I’m off.

经常表示:

我走了。 / 我要走了。

例如:

OK, I’m off. See you tomorrow.

好了,我走了。明天见。


walk off / run off / drive off / ride off / go off

这些表达中的 off 都带有:

离开

的感觉。

walk off

走开 / 离开

run off

跑开 / 跑掉

drive off

开车离开

ride off

骑车离开

go off

离开 / 出发

这些与:

walk away / run away

意思相似。

Examples:

  • Anna got on her bike and rode off.

    Anna 骑上自行车离开了。

  • Mark left home at the age of eighteen and went off to Canada.

    Mark 十八岁离开家去了加拿大。


set off = start a journey

set off

表示:

出发 / 动身

Example:

  • We set off early to avoid the traffic.

    为了避开交通拥堵,我们很早就出发了。

也就是:

We left early.

例如:

We set off at six in the morning.

我们早上六点出发。


take off = leave the ground (for planes)

当主语是飞机时:

take off

表示:

起飞

Example:

  • After a long delay, the plane finally took off.

    经过长时间的延误,飞机终于起飞了。

反义词:

land = 降落

所以:

The plane took off at 8 a.m.

飞机上午八点起飞。

The plane landed at 10 a.m.

飞机上午十点降落。


see somebody off

see somebody off

= go with them to the airport/station to say goodbye

表示:

给某人送行

通常是:

陪某人去机场 / 火车站,然后告别

Example:

  • Helen was going away. We went to the station with her to see her off.

    Helen 要离开了。我们陪她去了车站,为她送行。

注意代词的位置:

see her off

see him off

see them off


4. Unit 140 核心短语总结

Phrasal verbMeaning
be on开着 / 运行着
turn on打开
switch on打开
leave on保持开启
turn off关闭
switch off关闭
put music on播放音乐
put the kettle on烧水
go on发生 / 进行
call off取消
put off推迟
put off doing推迟做某事
put on穿上 / 戴上
put on weight增加体重
try on试穿
take off脱掉
be off离开 / 出发
walk off走开
run off跑开
drive off开车离开
ride off骑车离开
go off离开
set off出发
take off起飞
see somebody off给某人送行

5. on / off 的核心思维

这一单元不要把 on / off 当成两个需要死记的介词。

可以先建立两个核心画面:

ON → 接触 / 连接 / 进入运行状态

OFF → 脱离 / 断开 / 离开

然后很多 phrasal verbs 就容易理解了。


① 设备:连接 ↔ 断开

ON

turn on switch on

设备进入工作状态。

OFF

turn off switch off

设备退出工作状态。

所以:

The light is on. 灯处于开启状态。

Turn it off. 把它关闭。


② 衣服:放到身上 ↔ 从身上拿走

ON

put on

衣服放到身体上:

put on a coat 穿上外套

OFF

take off

衣服从身体上脱离:

take off a coat 脱下外套

而:

try on

就是:

把衣服穿到身上试试看。


③ 事件:继续 ↔ 停止

ON

go on

事情继续发生:

What’s going on?

发生什么事了?

OFF

call off

让原本计划发生的事情停止:

call off the meeting

取消会议。


④ 时间:把事情“移开”

put off

原本现在要做的事情,被移动到更晚的时间:

put off the meeting

推迟会议。

所以要特别区分:

call off → 不做了

put off → 以后再做


⑤ 空间:off = 离开

ride off 骑车离开

drive off 开车离开

run off 跑开

go off 离开

set off 出发

这里的 off 都保留了非常明显的:

脱离当前位置 → 离开

的空间感觉。


6. Unit 140 最终思维模型

看到:

verb + on/off

先不要直接翻译整个短语。

先判断 on / off 在表达什么方向。

ON

核心感觉:

接上 → 放上 → 开启 → 继续

因此:

turn on → 开启 put on → 穿上 try on → 试穿 go on → 继续 / 发生

OFF

核心感觉:

脱离 → 断开 → 停止 → 离开

因此:

turn off → 关闭 take off clothes → 脱掉 take off (plane) → 离开地面 → 起飞 call off → 取消 ride off → 骑车离开 drive off → 开车离开 set off → 离开当前位置 → 出发 see somebody off → 去送某人离开

所以 on / off 的大量短语动词,本质上都可以从:

ON = 接上、进入状态

OFF = 脱离、退出状态

这两个核心方向去理解。