Appearance
Unit 58 — Verb + -ing or to ... 3
like / would like etc.
A. like / love / hate
当我们谈论**重复发生的动作（repeated actions）**时，在这些动词后面可以使用：
-ing
或者：
to + 动词原形
所以可以说：
Do you like getting up early? or Do you like to get up early?
Stephanie hates flying. or Stephanie hates to fly.
I love meeting people. or I love to meet people.
I don’t like being kept waiting. or I don’t like to be kept waiting.
I don’t like friends calling me at work. or I don’t like friends to call me at work.
1. 已经存在的情况：使用 -ing
当我们谈论一个已经存在（或过去已经存在）的情况时，使用：
-ing
而不是：
to ...
例如：
Paul lives in Berlin now. He likes living there.
Paul 现在住在柏林。
他喜欢住在那里。
这里：
he lives there now and he likes it
也就是说：
“住在柏林”这个情况现在已经存在。
所以使用：
likes living
Do you like being a student?
你喜欢当学生吗？
这里：
you are a student — do you like it?
你现在已经是一名学生，所以问的是：
你喜不喜欢现在这种状态？
The office I worked in was horrible. I hated working there.
我以前工作的办公室很糟糕。
我讨厌在那里工作。
这里：
I worked there and I hated it.
“在那里工作”是过去已经存在的情况。
所以：
hated working
2. I like doing 和 I like to do 的区别
有时候：
I like doing
和：
I like to do
意思会有细微区别。
I like doing something
意思：
I do it and I enjoy it.
也就是：
我做这件事，而且我享受做这件事。
例如：
I like cleaning the kitchen.
我喜欢打扫厨房。
意思是：
I enjoy it.
我享受打扫厨房这件事。
核心：
like doing = 喜欢做 / 享受做
I like to do something
意思：
I choose to do it, but maybe I don’t enjoy it.
也就是：
我选择 / 习惯这样做，但不一定真的享受它。
例如：
It’s not my favourite job, but I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible.
这不是我最喜欢的工作，但是我喜欢尽可能经常把厨房打扫干净。
这里的：
like to clean
更接近：
我认为这样做比较好，所以我选择这样做。
不一定表示：
我享受打扫厨房。
3. like doing vs like to do
| 结构 | 核心含义 |
|---|---|
| like doing | 喜欢、享受做某事 |
| like to do | 喜欢/选择/习惯去做某事 |
| like doing | 更强调活动本身带来的享受 |
| like to do | 更强调选择、习惯、认为这样做比较好 |
例如：
I like reading before bed.
我喜欢睡前阅读。
强调：
我享受阅读。
I like to check my email before work.
我习惯/喜欢在工作前检查邮件。
强调：
这是我的习惯或选择。
4. enjoy 和 mind 后面使用 -ing
注意：
enjoy
和：
mind
后面使用：
-ing
而不是：
to ...
例如：
I enjoy cleaning the kitchen.
我喜欢 / 享受打扫厨房。
不是：
❌ I enjoy to clean the kitchen.
I don’t mind cleaning the kitchen.
我不介意打扫厨房。
不是：
❌ I don’t mind to clean the kitchen.
B. would like / would love / would hate / would prefer
5. would like / would love 后面通常使用 to ...
would like / would love etc.
通常后面接：
to + 动词原形
I’d like (= I would like) to go away for a few days.
我想出去几天。
结构：
would like to do
What would you like to do this evening?
你今晚想做什么？
I wouldn’t like to go on holiday alone.
我不想一个人去度假。
I’d love to meet your family.
我很想见见你的家人。
Would you prefer to eat now or later?
你想现在吃还是晚点吃？
6. would like to do
基本结构：
would like + to + verb
例如：
I’d like to go.
我想去。
I’d like to eat something.
我想吃点东西。
I’d like to ask you a question.
我想问你一个问题。
7. like 和 would like 的区别
比较：
I like playing tennis.
或者：
I like to play tennis.
意思：
I like it in general.
我一般来说喜欢打网球。
这是：
一般性的喜好
但是：
I’d like to play tennis today.
意思：
I want to play today.
我今天想打网球。
这是：
现在 / 某个具体场景下的愿望
8. like vs would like
| 表达 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| I like playing tennis. | 我喜欢打网球。 |
| I like to play tennis. | 我平时喜欢/习惯打网球。 |
| I’d like to play tennis. | 我想打网球。 |
| I’d like to play tennis today. | 我今天想打网球。 |
最重要的区别：
I like ... = 我喜欢……
而：
I would like ... = 我想要…… / 我想……
9. I like vs I’d like
I like
表示：
general preference
一般性的喜好。
例如：
I like coffee.
我喜欢咖啡。
I like reading.
我喜欢阅读。
I’d like
I’d like：
= I would like
表示：
want
也就是某个具体场景下：
我想要……
例如：
I’d like some coffee.
我想喝点咖啡。
I’d like to read this book.
我想读这本书。
10. 一个非常重要的口语区别
I like coffee.
= 我喜欢咖啡。
是在告诉别人：
我的喜好是什么。
但是：
I’d like some coffee.
= 我想喝点咖啡。
是在告诉别人：
我现在想要什么。
所以：
like ≠ would like
11. would mind 后面使用 -ing
注意：
would mind
后面接：
-ing
例如：
Would you mind closing the door, please?
你介意把门关上吗？
不是：
❌ Would you mind to close the door?
结构：
Would you mind + -ing ... ?
12. Would you mind ...?
这是非常常见的礼貌请求：
Would you mind opening the window?
你介意打开窗户吗？
Would you mind waiting a moment?
你介意稍等一下吗？
Would you mind helping me?
你介意帮我一下吗？
结构始终是：
Would you mind + doing ... ?
C. I would like to have (done something)
13. would like to have done
结构：
would like to have + past participle
也就是：
would like to have done
这里谈论的是：
过去本来想做，但是没有做成的事情。
14. I would like to have done something
I would like to have done something
意思：
I regret now that I didn’t or couldn’t do it.
也就是：
我现在觉得遗憾，因为过去我没有做 / 没能做这件事。
15. would like to have seen
It’s a shame we didn’t see Anna.
很遗憾我们没有见到 Anna。
I would like to have seen her again.
我本来很想再见她一次。
这里：
would like to have seen
说明：
见 Anna 这件事情已经过去了。
实际情况：
I didn’t see her.
所以：
would like to have done = 过去本来希望发生，但实际没有发生
16. would like to have gone
We’d like to have gone away, but we were too busy at home.
我们本来很想出去，但是家里太忙了。
实际情况：
We didn’t go away.
时间关系：
wanted to go
↓
past time
↓
didn't happen
↓
regret now
17. would like to do vs would like to have done
这是本单元非常重要的区别。
would like to do
表示：
现在或未来想做
例如：
I’d like to visit Japan.
我想去日本。
这里：
还可以去。
事情没有结束。
would like to have done
表示：
过去本来想做，但没有做到
例如：
I’d like to have visited Japan when I was younger.
我年轻的时候本来很想去日本。
这里谈论：
过去没有实现的事情。
18. 时间轴理解
would like to do
NOW
↓
want
↓
FUTURE ACTION
I’d like to go.
would like to have done
PAST
↓
wanted action
↓
DIDN'T HAPPEN
↓
NOW → regret
I’d like to have gone.
19. would love / would hate / would prefer
同样的结构也可以用于：
would love
would hate
would prefer
20. would hate to have done
Poor David! I would hate to have been in his position.
可怜的 David！
我可不想当时处在他的处境。
结构：
would hate + to have + past participle
这里：
to have been
表示过去的情况。
21. would love to have gone
I’d love to have gone to the party, but it was impossible.
我本来非常想去参加那个聚会，但是不可能。
实际情况：
I didn’t go to the party.
22. would + to have done 结构
| 表达 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| would like to have done | 本来想做，但没做 |
| would love to have done | 本来非常想做，但没做 |
| would hate to have done | 很不希望过去处于某种情况 |
| would prefer to have done | 本来更希望过去做另一件事 |
共同结构：
would + like/love/hate/prefer + to have + V3
23. Unit 58 三个核心系统
本单元实际上可以分成三个系统：
系统一：like / love / hate
谈论：
一般性的喜好、习惯、重复动作
可以：
like doing
也可以：
like to do
例如：
I like reading.
I like to read before bed.
系统二：would like / would love / would prefer
谈论：
现在或未来具体想做的事情
使用：
would like to do
例如：
I’d like to go home.
系统三：would like to have done
谈论：
过去本来想做但没有实现的事情
使用：
would like to have + V3
例如：
I’d like to have gone with you.
24. like doing / like to do / would like to do
这是本单元最重要的一组对比：
| 结构 | 核心意思 | 时间/场景 |
|---|---|---|
| like doing | 喜欢、享受做 | 一般情况 |
| like to do | 喜欢/习惯/选择做 | 一般情况 |
| would like to do | 想做 | 具体的现在/未来 |
| would like to have done | 本来想做但没做 | 过去 |
25. 用一个动作理解四种结构
使用 travel：
I like travelling.
我喜欢旅行。
强调：
我享受旅行。
I like to travel in summer.
我喜欢在夏天旅行。
强调：
我的习惯 / 选择。
I’d like to travel this summer.
我今年夏天想去旅行。
强调：
一个具体愿望。
I’d like to have travelled more when I was younger.
我年轻的时候本来希望能多旅行一些。
强调：
过去没有实现，现在回头看有些遗憾。
26. enjoy / mind 的特殊规则
不要因为 like 可以接两种结构，就认为所有“喜欢类”动词都可以。
enjoy
只能：
enjoy doing
例如：
I enjoy reading.
不能：
❌ I enjoy to read.
mind
使用：
mind doing
例如：
I don’t mind waiting.
不能：
❌ I don’t mind to wait.
would mind
也是：
would mind doing
例如：
Would you mind closing the door?
27. 最容易混淆的结构
like doing
I like cooking.
我喜欢做饭。
would like to do
I’d like to cook tonight.
我今晚想做饭。
这两个不能混为一谈：
like = 喜欢
would like = 想要 / 想做
28. 一个非常实用的判断方法
看到：
would like
优先想到：
want
所以：
I would like to go.
≈
I want to go.
意思：
我想去。
而不是：
我喜欢去。
29. would like 的常见口语结构
想要某物
I’d like a coffee.
我想要一杯咖啡。
结构：
would like + noun
想做某事
I’d like to order.
我想点餐。
结构：
would like + to do
问别人想要什么
What would you like?
您想要什么？
问别人想做什么
What would you like to do?
你想做什么？
礼貌邀请
Would you like some coffee?
你想喝点咖啡吗？
Would you like to come with us?
你想和我们一起去吗？
30. Unit 58 最终思维模型
like doing
GENERAL
↓
I DO IT
↓
I ENJOY IT
I like playing tennis.
like to do
GENERAL
↓
I CHOOSE / PREFER
↓
TO DO IT
I like to clean the kitchen regularly.
would like to do
NOW
↓
WANT
↓
TO DO
↓
NOW / FUTURE
I’d like to play tennis today.
would like to have done
PAST OPPORTUNITY
↓
DIDN'T / COULDN'T DO IT
↓
NOW
↓
REGRET
I’d like to have seen Anna.
31. 最终核心公式
一般喜欢
like / love / hate + doing
或者：
like / love / hate + to do
已经存在的情况
like / love / hate + doing
例如：
I like living here.
enjoy / mind
只能使用：
enjoy / mind + doing
具体想做
would like / love / hate / prefer + to do
例如：
I’d like to go.
礼貌请求
Would you mind + doing ... ?
例如：
Would you mind closing the door?
过去本来想做但没有做到
would like / love / hate / prefer + to have + V3
例如：
I’d like to have gone.
32. 一句话记住 Unit 58
I like doing it. = 我喜欢做这件事。
I like to do it. = 我喜欢 / 习惯 / 选择这样做。
I’d like to do it. = 我想做这件事。
I’d like to have done it. = 我本来想做，但过去没有做到。
这四句话，就是 Unit 58 最核心的区别。