Appearance
Unit 102 — so and such
A. Compare so and such
1. so + adjective/adverb
We use:
so + adjective/adverb
例如：
so stupid
so quick
so nice
so quickly
例句：
I didn’t like the book. The story was so stupid. （我不喜欢这本书。这个故事太愚蠢了。）
Everything happened so quickly. （一切发生得太快了。）
2. such + noun
We use:
such + noun
例如：
such a story
such people
3. such + adjective + noun
We also use:
such + adjective + noun
例如：
such a stupid story
such nice people
例句：
I didn’t like the book. It was such a stupid story. （我不喜欢这本书。这真是一个愚蠢的故事。）
not: so stupid story
I like Liz and Joe. They are such nice people. （我喜欢 Liz 和 Joe。他们真是很好的人。）
not: so nice people
4. 单数可数名词使用 such a/an
We say:
such a ...
而不是：
❌ a such ...
例如：
such a big dog
这么大的一只狗 / 如此大的一只狗
基本结构：
such + a/an + adjective + singular noun
例如：
such a nice day
such a good idea
such an interesting book
B. So and such make the meaning stronger
So 和 such 都可以加强语气。
5. so 加强形容词或副词
I’ve had a busy day. I’m so tired. (= really tired)
（我忙了一整天。我太累了。）
It’s difficult to understand him. He talks so quietly. （很难听懂他说话。他说话声音太小了。）
这里：
so tired = really tired
so quietly = really quietly
6. such 加强名词短语
We had a great trip. We had such a good time. (= a really good time)
（我们的旅行很棒。我们玩得特别开心。）
You always think good things are going to happen. You’re such an optimist. （你总是认为好事情会发生。你真是个乐观主义者。）
这里：
such a good time
相当于：
a really good time
1. so ... that
You can use:
so + adjective/adverb + that + clause
例如：
- I was so tired that I fell asleep in the armchair. （我太累了，以至于在扶手椅上睡着了。）
结构：
so + adjective + that + sentence
例如：
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.
电影太无聊了，以至于我睡着了。
He spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand him.
他说得太快了，以至于我听不懂。
8. that 经常可以省略
We usually leave out that:
I was so tired I fell asleep.
= I was so tired that I fell asleep.
口语中经常省略 that。
2. such ... that
You can use:
such + noun phrase + that + clause
例如：
- It was such nice weather that we spent the whole day on the beach. （天气太好了，所以我们一整天都待在海滩上。）
结构：
such + (adjective) + noun + that + sentence
例如：
It was such a beautiful day that we went for a walk.
天气太好了，所以我们出去散步了。
10. such ... that 中的 that 也经常省略
We usually leave out that:
It was such nice weather we spent ...
完整形式：
It was such nice weather that we spent ...
C. So and such also mean ‘like this’
so 和 such 还可以表达：
like this
即：
这么…… / 这样的……
11. so = to this degree / like this
Somebody told me the house was built 100 years ago. I didn’t realise it was so old. (= as old as it is)
（有人告诉我这栋房子建于 100 年前。我没想到它这么老。）
I’m tired because I got up at six. I don’t usually get up so early. （我很累，因为我六点就起床了。我通常不会这么早起。）
I expected the weather to be cooler. I’m surprised it is so warm. （我原以为天气会凉快一些。没想到天气这么暖和。）
这里的：
so old
so early
so warm
都可以理解成：
这么老
这么早
这么暖和
12. such = a thing/person like this
- I didn’t realise it was such an old house. （我没想到这是一栋这么老的房子。）
比较：
It was so old.
它这么老。
和：
It was such an old house.
它是一栋这么老的房子。
You know it’s not true. How can you say such a thing? (= a thing like this)
（你知道这不是真的。你怎么能说这种话？）
3. no such ...
Note the expression:
no such ...
表示：
没有这样的…… / 不存在这样的……
例句：
You won’t find the word ‘blid’ in the dictionary. There’s no such word. (= this word does not exist)
（你不会在词典里找到 “blid” 这个词。根本没有这个词。）
常见表达：
There’s no such thing.
没有这种东西 / 根本没有这回事。
There’s no such person.
没有这样的人。
There’s no such rule.
没有这样的规则。
D. Compare
14. so long vs such a long time
so long
- I haven’t seen her for so long I’ve forgotten what she looks like. （我已经太久没见她了，以至于我都忘了她长什么样。）
这里：
so long
表示：
如此久 / 这么久
such a long time
- I haven’t seen her for such a long time. （我已经很久没见她了。）
not:
❌ so long time
因为：
time
是名词，所以使用：
such a long time
4. so far vs such a long way
so far
- I didn’t know it was so far. （我不知道它有这么远。）
这里 far 不是名词，因此：
so far
such a long way
- I didn’t know it was such a long way. （我不知道路程有这么远。）
这里：
way
是名词，因此使用：
such a long way
5. so much / so many
我们使用：
so much + uncountable noun
例如：
- I’m sorry I’m late – there was so much traffic. （抱歉我迟到了——路上车太多了。）
其他例子：
so much money
so much work
so much time
so much traffic
对于复数可数名词：
so many + plural noun
例如：
so many people
so many cars
so many problems
so many questions
6. such a lot (of)
也可以说：
such a lot (of)
例如：
- I’m sorry I’m late – there was such a lot of traffic. （抱歉我迟到了——路上的车实在太多了。）
比较：
There was so much traffic.
和：
There was such a lot of traffic.
两者表达的意思基本相同。
7. so 和 such 最核心的区别
判断 so 还是 such，最重要的是看后面的核心成分。
so 修饰形容词或副词
so + adjective
so + adverb
例如：
so beautiful
so tired
so expensive
so quickly
so slowly
such 修饰名词或名词短语
such + noun
such + adjective + noun
例如：
such people
such weather
such nice people
such beautiful weather
如果是单数可数名词：
such + a/an + adjective + noun
例如：
such a nice day
such a big house
such an interesting book
8. 对比：so beautiful 和 such a beautiful...
比较：
She is so beautiful.
她太漂亮了。
这里：
beautiful = adjective
所以：
so + adjective
但是：
She is such a beautiful girl.
她是一个如此漂亮的女孩。
这里：
girl = noun
整个：
a beautiful girl
是名词短语，所以：
such + a beautiful girl
再比较：
The car is so expensive.
这辆车太贵了。
It is such an expensive car.
这是一辆如此昂贵的车。
9. so ... that 和 such ... that
这两个结构意思非常接近。
so ... that
so + adjective/adverb + that + sentence
例如：
He was so tired that he fell asleep.
他太累了，以至于睡着了。
such ... that
such + noun phrase + that + sentence
例如：
It was such a tiring day that he fell asleep immediately.
这一天太累人了，所以他马上就睡着了。
对比：
The weather was so nice that we went out.
天气太好了，所以我们出去了。
It was such nice weather that we went out.
天气太好了，所以我们出去了。
核心区别仍然是：
so + nice
而：
such + nice weather
10. so much / so many 是特殊结构
虽然通常：
so + adjective/adverb
但是 much 和 many 可以和名词一起使用：
so much + uncountable noun
so many + plural noun
例如：
so much money
so much traffic
so many people
so many cars
因此不要机械地认为：
“后面出现名词就一定使用 such”
因为：
so much/many + noun
是非常重要的固定结构。
11. 常见错误
错误 1
❌ a so stupid story
应该：
✅ such a stupid story
或者：
✅ The story is so stupid.
错误 2
❌ so nice people
应该：
✅ such nice people
因为 people 是名词。
错误 3
❌ a such big dog
应该：
✅ such a big dog
顺序是：
such + a/an + adjective + noun
错误 4
❌ so long time
应该：
✅ such a long time
因为 time 是名词。
错误 5
❌ such tired
应该：
✅ so tired
因为 tired 是形容词。
12. 高频结构总结
| 结构 | Example |
|---|---|
| so + adjective | so tired |
| so + adverb | so quickly |
| such + noun | such people |
| such + adjective + plural noun | such nice people |
| such + adjective + uncountable noun | such nice weather |
| such + a/an + adjective + singular noun | such a nice day |
| so + adjective/adverb + that | so tired that ... |
| such + noun phrase + that | such a nice day that ... |
| so much + uncountable noun | so much traffic |
| so many + plural noun | so many people |
| such a lot of + noun | such a lot of traffic |
| no such + noun | no such thing |
13. 最终思维模型
判断 so 和 such 时，先看你真正想强调什么。
如果强调：
形容词 / 副词
使用：
SO
例如：
so tired
so beautiful
so quickly
so far
可以理解为：
SO → adjective/adverb
如果强调的是：
名词 / 名词短语
使用：
SUCH
例如：
such nice weather
such nice people
such a beautiful house
such an interesting book
可以理解为：
SUCH → noun phrase
最经典的转换是：
The house is so big.
这栋房子这么大。
↓
It is such a big house.
这是一栋这么大的房子。
再例如：
The weather is so nice.
天气这么好。
↓
It is such nice weather.
这是这么好的天气。
因此可以把本单元浓缩成：
so + adjective/adverb
such + (adjective) + noun
such + a/an + adjective + singular noun
以及两个结果结构：
so ... that ...
such ... that ...
最后注意两个特殊高频结构：
so much + 不可数名词
so many + 复数可数名词