Appearance
Unit 103 — enough and too
A. enough
1. enough 放在形容词和副词之后
Enough goes after adjectives and adverbs:
I can’t run very far. I’m not fit enough. （我跑不了很远。我身体还不够强健。） not: enough fit
Let’s go. We’ve waited long enough. （我们走吧。我们已经等得够久了。）
基本结构：
adjective + enough
或：
adverb + enough
例如：
good enough 足够好
big enough 足够大
old enough 年龄足够大
fast enough 足够快
carefully enough 足够仔细
2. enough 通常放在名词之前
Enough normally goes before nouns:
We have enough money. We don’t need any more. （我们有足够的钱，不需要更多了。）
There weren’t enough chairs. Some of us had to sit on the floor. （没有足够的椅子，我们有些人不得不坐在地板上。）
基本结构：
enough + noun
例如：
enough money
enough time
enough food
enough chairs
enough people
3. enough 的位置是本单元重点
比较：
adjective/adverb + enough
但是：
enough + noun
例如：
The room is big enough.
这个房间足够大。
但是：
We have enough space.
我们有足够的空间。
所以可以记成：
| 修饰对象 | 结构 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 形容词 | adjective + enough | tall enough |
| 副词 | adverb + enough | quickly enough |
| 名词 | enough + noun | enough money |
4. enough 也可以单独使用
We also use enough alone (without a noun or adjective):
- We don’t need more money. We have enough. （我们不需要更多的钱了，我们已经有足够的钱。）
这里：
enough = enough money
所以当上下文已经清楚时：
enough
可以单独使用。
B. too and enough
5. too 和 not enough
Compare too ... and not ... enough:
You never stop working. You work too hard. (= more than is necessary)
你一直不停地工作。你工作得太拼命了。
You’re lazy. You don’t work hard enough. (= less than is necessary)
你太懒了。你工作得不够努力。
6. too 的核心意思
too = more than is necessary
也就是：
太……了 / 超过需要的程度
通常带有：
超过合适程度
的含义。
例如：
The coffee is too hot.
咖啡太烫了。
意思不是单纯：
very hot
而是：
hot to an excessive degree
可能已经烫到不能喝。
7. not enough 的核心意思
not enough = less than is necessary
也就是：
不够……
例如：
You don’t work hard enough.
你工作得不够努力。
意味着：
需要更努力一些。
8. too 和 not enough 的思维模型
可以理解成一个“合适程度”：
not enough ← 合适程度 → too much
例如：
not warm enough 不够暖
warm enough 足够暖
too warm 太暖 / 太热
再比如：
not big enough 不够大
big enough 足够大
too big 太大
1. too much / too many 和 enough
Compare too much/many and enough:
There’s too much furniture in this room. There’s not enough space. （这个房间里的家具太多了，空间不够。）
There were too many people and not enough chairs. （人太多了，而椅子不够。）
10. too much
too much + uncountable noun
例如：
too much money
too much water
too much food
too much furniture
11. too many
too many + plural countable noun
例如：
too many people
too many cars
too many chairs
too many problems
12. enough + noun
enough + countable/uncountable noun
都可以。
例如：
enough money
enough water
enough chairs
enough people
C. enough/too + for ... and to ...
13. enough/too ... for somebody/something
We say:
enough/too ... for somebody/something
例如：
Does Joe have enough experience for the job? （Joe 有足够的经验胜任这份工作吗？）
This bag isn’t big enough for all my clothes. （这个包不够大，装不下我所有的衣服。）
That shirt is too small for you. You need a larger size. （那件衬衫对你来说太小了，你需要大一码。）
14. 基本结构
adjective + enough + for + somebody/something
例如：
big enough for me
对我来说足够大
warm enough for the baby
对宝宝来说足够暖
或者：
too + adjective + for + somebody/something
例如：
too small for me
对我来说太小
too difficult for children
对孩子来说太难
2. enough/too ... to do something
We say:
enough/too ... to do something
例如：
Does Joe have enough experience to do the job? （Joe 有足够的经验做这份工作吗？）
Let’s get a taxi. It’s too far to walk home from here. （我们打车吧。从这里走回家太远了。）
She’s not old enough to have a driving licence. （她年龄还不够大，不能拥有驾照。）
16. adjective + enough + to do
结构：
adjective + enough + to + verb
例如：
old enough to drive
年龄足够大，可以开车
strong enough to lift it
足够强壮，可以把它举起来
tall enough to reach it
足够高，可以够到它
17. too + adjective + to do
结构：
too + adjective + to + verb
例如：
too tired to work
太累了，无法工作
too young to drive
太年轻了，不能开车
too heavy to carry
太重了，搬不动
18. enough + noun + to do
如果 enough 修饰名词：
enough + noun + to do
例如：
enough experience to do the job
足够的经验来完成这项工作
enough money to buy a car
足够的钱买车
enough time to finish the work
足够的时间完成工作
3. for ... + to ...
一个句子中也可以同时出现：
for + somebody + to + verb
教材例句：
The bridge is just wide enough for two cars to pass one another.
这座桥刚好足够宽，可以让两辆车互相通过。
结构：
adjective + enough + for + somebody + to do something
拆解：
wide 宽的
wide enough 足够宽
wide enough for two cars 对两辆车来说足够宽
wide enough for two cars to pass 足够宽，可以让两辆车通过
20. 常见结构
adjective + enough + for somebody + to do something
例如：
The room is big enough for five people to sleep in.
这个房间足够大，可以让五个人睡。
The computer is fast enough for me to do my work.
这台电脑足够快，可以让我完成工作。
D. too hot to eat etc.
21. too ... to do 的进一步用法
比较：
The food was very hot. We couldn’t eat it.
食物非常烫。我们吃不了它。
可以说：
The food was so hot that we couldn’t eat it.
食物太烫了，以至于我们吃不了。
也可以简化成：
The food was too hot to eat.
食物太烫了，不能吃。
22. 注意：不要重复宾语
正确：
The food was too hot to eat.
不要说：
❌ The food was too hot to eat it.
为什么？
因为句子的主语：
The food
实际上就是：
eat 的逻辑宾语
完整意思是：
We couldn’t eat the food.
转换以后：
The food was too hot to eat.
所以不需要再次添加：
it
4. too heavy to carry
教材例句：
These boxes are too heavy to carry.
这些箱子太重了，搬不动。
不要说：
❌ These boxes are too heavy to carry them.
因为：
these boxes
已经是：
carry 的逻辑宾语。
5. too big to put in my pocket
教材：
The wallet was too big to put in my pocket.
钱包太大了，放不进我的口袋。
不要说：
❌ The wallet was too big to put it in my pocket.
因为：
the wallet
就是：
put 的逻辑宾语。
6. strong enough to stand on
教材：
This chair isn’t strong enough to stand on.
这把椅子不够结实，不能站在上面。
不要说：
❌ This chair isn’t strong enough to stand on it.
这里：
stand on the chair
转换以后：
The chair is strong enough to stand on.
所以：
on
需要保留，
但是：
it
不能再加。
7. enough 的核心位置规则
这是本单元最值得记住的规则之一：
修饰名词
enough + noun
例如：
enough money
enough time
enough chairs
修饰形容词
adjective + enough
例如：
big enough
old enough
strong enough
修饰副词
adverb + enough
例如：
quickly enough
carefully enough
long enough
所以不要说：
❌ enough big
应该说：
✅ big enough
但：
✅ enough money
8. too 的核心结构
too 通常放在形容词或副词前：
too + adjective
too + adverb
例如：
too big
too expensive
too difficult
too slowly
too quickly
too hard
如果修饰名词：
too much + uncountable noun
too many + plural noun
例如：
too much money
too much work
too many people
too many cars
9. enough 和 too 的核心区别
enough
表示：
达到所需要的程度
例如：
The car is big enough.
这辆车足够大。
not enough
表示：
没有达到需要的程度
例如：
The car isn’t big enough.
这辆车不够大。
too
表示：
超过了合适或需要的程度
例如：
The car is too big.
这辆车太大了。
因此可以理解为：
not enough → enough → too
例如：
not warm enough → warm enough → too warm
不够暖 → 足够暖 → 太暖
10. enough / too 高频句型
| 结构 | 含义 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| adjective + enough | 足够…… | big enough |
| adverb + enough | 足够……地 | quickly enough |
| enough + noun | 足够的…… | enough money |
| too + adjective | 太…… | too expensive |
| too + adverb | 太……地 | too slowly |
| too much + 不可数名词 | 太多…… | too much money |
| too many + 复数名词 | 太多…… | too many people |
| adjective + enough + to do | 足够……可以做 | old enough to drive |
| too + adjective + to do | 太……而不能做 | too tired to work |
| enough/too + ... + for somebody | 对某人来说足够/太…… | too small for me |
| enough + ... + for somebody to do | 足够让某人做…… | big enough for us to live in |
11. 最终思维模型
这一单元可以浓缩成三个位置：
① enough + noun
enough money
enough time
enough people
记：
enough 在名词前
② adjective/adverb + enough
big enough
old enough
quickly enough
hard enough
记：
enough 在形容词、副词后
③ too + adjective/adverb
too big
too expensive
too quickly
too hard
记：
too 在形容词、副词前
因此最核心的位置关系是：
too + adjective + enough
当然实际不会同时这样使用，而是用它来记位置：
too ← adjective → enough
例如：
too young
young enough
再从“程度”上理解：
not enough = 没达到需要的程度
enough = 刚好达到需要的程度
too = 超过需要的程度
例如：
He isn’t old enough to drive. 他年龄还不够大，不能开车。
He is old enough to drive. 他年龄已经足够大，可以开车。
而：
He is too tired to drive. 他太累了，不能开车。
最后重点记住：
enough + noun
adjective/adverb + enough
too + adjective/adverb
以及两个非常高频的结构：
enough to do
too ... to do