Appearance
Unit 36 — would
A. would / wouldn’t：想象、假设的情况
我们使用 would ('d) / wouldn’t 来表达：
想象中的情况或动作
也就是：我们在想一个并不是真实现实的情况。
1. would + 动词原形
结构：
would + 动词原形
例如：
It would be nice to buy a new car, but we can’t afford it.
如果能买一辆新车就好了，但是我们买不起。
这里：
would be nice
表示：
这是一个想象中的情况，不是现在的现实。
2. I’d love to ...
I’d love to live by the sea.
我很想住在海边。
这里：
I’d = I would
所以：
I’d love to ... = I would love to ...
表示：
我很希望 / 我很愿意……
3. wouldn’t：假设情况下“不会这样做”
例如：
A: Shall I tell Chris what happened? B: No, I wouldn’t say anything.
A：我要不要告诉 Chris 发生了什么？
B：不，我不会说任何事。
这里的意思不是：
“我将来绝对不会说。”
而是：
如果我是你，在你的情况下，我不会说。
也就是：
I wouldn’t say anything in your situation.
4. would 的核心感觉
可以理解成：
现实情况 → 想象另一个情况 → would
例如：
REALITY
│
│ imagine another situation
▼
WOULD
所以：
would 常常带有假设、想象、非现实的感觉。
5. would have done：想象过去没有发生的事情
如果我们想象的是：
过去本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生的事情
使用：
would have + 过去分词
例如：
They helped us a lot. I don’t know what we would have done without their help.
他们帮了我们很多。
我不知道如果没有他们的帮助，我们当时会怎么办。
这里：
实际上他们帮助了我们。
所以：
“没有他们帮助”只是一个假设。
6. would have done 的结构
would have + past participle
例如：
- would have done
- would have called
- would have liked
- would have been
缩写：
we’d have done = we would have done
7. Example — You would have liked it
It’s a shame you didn’t see the film. You would have liked it.
很遗憾你没看那部电影。
你当时一定会喜欢它的。
真实情况：
你没看。
假设：
如果你看了，你会喜欢。
8. Example — He wouldn’t have been pleased
I didn’t tell Sam what happened. He wouldn’t have been pleased.
我没告诉 Sam 发生了什么。
因为如果告诉了他：
他不会高兴。
这里：
wouldn’t have been
表示：
对过去未发生情况的假想结果。
9. would do vs would have done
这是这一页最重要的区别之一。
| 结构 | 时间 | 核心感觉 |
|---|---|---|
| would do | 现在 / 未来假设 | 如果条件满足，我会…… |
| would have done | 过去假设 | 如果当时条件满足，我本来会…… |
10. Example — call Lisa
现在
I would call Lisa, but I don’t have her number.
我会给 Lisa 打电话，但是我没有她的号码。
真实情况：
现在没有号码。
所以：
现在无法打。
过去
I would have called Lisa, but I didn’t have her number.
我当时本来会给 Lisa 打电话，但是我没有她的号码。
真实情况：
过去没有号码。
所以：
当时没打。
11. 时间轴对比
would do
NOW / FUTURE
│
▼
WOULD CALL
│
but condition
is not true now
would have done
PAST NOW
│ │
✕ did not call │
↑ │
would have called │ if condition had been true
12. wouldn’t come vs wouldn’t have come
现在 / 未来
I’m not going to invite them to the party. They wouldn’t come anyway.
我不准备邀请他们。
反正他们也不会来。
过去
I didn’t invite them to the party. They wouldn’t have come anyway.
我当时没邀请他们。
反正他们当时也不会来的。
13. would 常和 if 一起使用
例如：
I would call Lisa if I had her number.
如果我有 Lisa 的号码，我就会给她打电话。
结构：
would do + if + past simple
过去假设：
I would have called Lisa if I’d had her number.
如果我当时有 Lisa 的号码，我就会给她打电话。
结构：
would have done + if + past perfect
14. 基本条件句结构
| 类型 | if 从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在非真实 | if + past simple | would + do |
| 过去非真实 | if + past perfect | would have + done |
例如：
If I had more money, I would buy a car.
如果我有更多钱，我会买车。
If I had had more money, I would have bought a car.
如果我当时有更多钱，我就会买车了。
B. will vs would
15. will = 更接近现实
I’ll stay a little longer. I’ve got plenty of time.
我会再待一会儿。
因为：
我有很多时间。
这里：
will
表示一个现实可行的决定。
16. would = 条件不满足 / 假想
I’d stay a little longer, but I really have to go now.
我本来愿意再待一会儿，但是我现在真的必须走了。
这里：
would stay
表示：
如果情况允许，我会待久一点。
但现实：
我必须走。
17. will vs would
| will | would |
|---|---|
| I’ll stay. | I’d stay, but... |
| 现实中会做 | 条件允许的话会做 |
| real / expected | hypothetical |
| 更直接 | 更有距离感 |
18. Example — call Lisa
will
I’ll call Lisa. I have her number.
我会给 Lisa 打电话。
现实条件：
有她号码。
would
I’d call Lisa, but I don’t have her number.
我会打给 Lisa，但是我没有她号码。
现实条件：
不满足。
所以：
would
19. 一个重要的统一理解
可以把：
will
理解为：
现实世界里的未来
而：
would
理解为：
假想世界里的结果
例如：
REAL WORLD
│
WILL
IMAGINED WORLD
│
WOULD
20. would 有时是 will 的过去式
图片中特别说明：
Sometimes would / wouldn’t is the past of will / won’t.
也就是：
在过去转述未来时，will 经常变成 would。
21. Example — I’ll call you
直接说：
Tom: I’ll call you on Sunday.
Tom：我星期天会给你打电话。
后来转述：
Tom said he’d call me on Sunday.
Tom 说他星期天会给我打电话。
这里：
he’d = he would
22. will → would
| 原话 | 过去转述 |
|---|---|
| I will call you. | He said he would call me. |
| I won’t be late. | She promised she wouldn’t be late. |
| The car won’t start. | She said the car wouldn’t start. |
23. Example — Amy
直接说：
Amy: I promise I won’t be late.
Amy：我保证不会迟到。
后来转述：
Amy promised that she wouldn’t be late.
Amy 保证她不会迟到。
所以：
won’t → wouldn’t
24. Example — car wouldn’t start
直接描述：
The car won’t start.
车发动不了。
过去叙述：
Lisa was annoyed because her car wouldn’t start.
Lisa 很恼火，因为她的车当时怎么也发动不起来。
这里：
wouldn’t
可以看成：
won’t 的过去形式。
25. wouldn’t = 拒绝做
图片最后还有一个重要用法：
Somebody wouldn’t do something = he/she refused to do it.
也就是：
某人不肯做某事。
26. Example — he wouldn’t listen
I tried to warn him, but he wouldn’t listen to me.
我试图警告他，但他就是不肯听。
这里：
wouldn’t listen
不是简单：
“他没有听。”
而是：
他拒绝听 / 怎么都不肯听。
27. wouldn’t 表示拒绝
可以理解为：
refused to do
例如：
He wouldn’t help me.
他就是不肯帮我。
She wouldn’t answer my questions.
她不肯回答我的问题。
28. 无生命物体也可以用 wouldn’t
例如：
The car wouldn’t start.
车怎么也发动不起来。
汽车当然没有真正的“意愿”。
这里英语把它拟人化：
好像车“拒绝启动”。
自然中文：
车怎么也发动不了。
29. won’t vs wouldn’t：拒绝 / 不配合
现在
The car won’t start.
车现在怎么也发动不了。
过去
The car wouldn’t start.
车当时怎么也发动不了。
所以：
| 现在 | 过去 |
|---|---|
| won’t | wouldn’t |
30. 图片中的全部例句
A — imagined situations
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| It would be nice to buy a new car. | 如果能买新车就好了。 |
| I’d love to live by the sea. | 我很想住在海边。 |
| I wouldn’t say anything. | 如果我是你，我不会说。 |
| We would have done ... | 我们当时本来会…… |
| You would have liked it. | 你当时会喜欢它的。 |
| He wouldn’t have been pleased. | 他当时不会高兴。 |
would vs would have
| Example | 时间 |
|---|---|
| I would call Lisa. | 现在 / 未来 |
| I would have called Lisa. | 过去 |
| They wouldn’t come. | 现在 / 未来 |
| They wouldn’t have come. | 过去 |
if 结构
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I would call Lisa if I had her number. | 如果我有号码，我会打给她。 |
| I would have called Lisa if I’d had her number. | 如果当时有号码，我就会打给她了。 |
B — will vs would
| will | would |
|---|---|
| I’ll stay longer. | I’d stay longer, but I have to go. |
| I’ll call Lisa. | I’d call Lisa, but I don’t have her number. |
will 的过去形式
| Present / direct | Past / reported |
|---|---|
| I’ll call you. | He said he’d call me. |
| I won’t be late. | She promised she wouldn’t be late. |
| The car won’t start. | The car wouldn’t start. |
refused to do
| Example | 中文 |
|---|---|
| He wouldn’t listen to me. | 他就是不肯听我说。 |
| The car wouldn’t start. | 车怎么也发动不了。 |
31. would 的几个核心用法
| 用法 | 结构 | 核心感觉 |
|---|---|---|
| 假想现在/未来 | would + do | 条件允许的话会 |
| 假想过去 | would have + done | 当时本来会 |
| will 的过去式 | would | 过去视角下的未来 |
| 拒绝 | wouldn’t + do | 不肯做 |
| 物体不配合 | wouldn’t + do | 怎么也不能 |
32. would do vs would have done
这是最值得固定的一组。
| would do | would have done |
|---|---|
| 现在 / 未来假设 | 过去假设 |
| 现实条件现在不成立 | 过去条件没有成立 |
| 现在还有想象空间 | 事情已经过去 |
| I would call her. | I would have called her. |
33. 和 should have done 对比
不要混淆：
would have done
如果条件满足，我本来会做
例如：
I would have called you if I’d had your number.
如果有你号码，我就会给你打电话。
should have done
过去本来应该做，但没做
例如：
I should have called you.
我本来应该给你打电话。
34. would have vs should have
| would have done | should have done |
|---|---|
| 条件结果 | 过去建议 / 后悔 |
| 本来会做 | 本来应该做 |
| if 条件常出现 | 评价过去行为 |
| I would have gone if... | I should have gone. |
35. 和 could have done 对比
could have done
过去本来可以 / 有可能做
would have done
如果条件满足，过去就会做
should have done
过去本来应该做
例如：
| Sentence | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I could have gone. | 我本来可以去。 |
| I would have gone if I had known. | 如果我知道，我就会去。 |
| I should have gone. | 我本来应该去。 |
36. 最实用的判断方法
先问：
我是在讲现实，还是假想？
现实未来：
will
假想现在 / 未来：
would
然后问：
这个假想是在现在，还是过去？
现在 / 未来：
would do
过去：
would have done
如果看到：
wouldn’t + 动词
再问：
是“假想中不会”，还是“拒绝 / 怎么也不”？
例如：
I wouldn’t say that.
= 如果我是你，我不会说。
He wouldn’t listen.
= 他就是不肯听。
37. 最终四格
| 时间 / 现实性 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 现实未来 | will do |
| 假想现在/未来 | would do |
| 假想过去 | would have done |
| 假想过去否定 | wouldn’t have done |
38. 最终思维模型
WILL
REAL SITUATION
│
▼
WILL
│
▼
FUTURE ACTION
现实条件下会发生。
WOULD
IMAGINED CONDITION
│
▼
WOULD
│
▼
DO
假如条件成立，就会做。
WOULD HAVE DONE
PAST CONDITION
NOT TRUE
│
▼
WOULD HAVE DONE │ ▼ DID NOT HAPPEN
过去条件没成立，所以结果也没有发生。
一句话记忆
will do
现实里会做。
would do
如果情况允许，我会做。
would have done
如果当时情况允许，我本来会做。
wouldn’t do
可能表示：
假设情况下不会做
也可能表示：
不肯做 / 怎么也不做
最核心：
WILL = REAL
WOULD = IMAGINED / DISTANCE
WOULD HAVE DONE = IMAGINED PAST